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Chemistry > Alkenes and Polymers > Flashcards

Alkenes and Polymers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Organic Chemistry

A

The study of compounds containing carbon

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2
Q

What is cracking

A

The thermal decomposition of a long chained hydro-carbon into a short - chained hydrocarbon.

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3
Q

What is an alkene

A

A family of hydrocarbons with a general formula of CnH2n

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4
Q

What 3 characteristics does the homologous series have

A

Similar chemical properties
Trend in physical properties
Same general formula

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5
Q

What is the structural formula

A

e.g CH3CHCH3CH3

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6
Q

How does fractional distillation work

A

1) Crude oil is heated to make it a gas
2) Passed into the bottom of fractional distillation column
3) Lighter fractions condense at lower temperatures. Heavier fractions condense at higher temperatures.
4) The tower is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top, so heavier fractions condense nearer the bottom and lighter ones at the top.

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7
Q

What is an isomer

A

A molecule that has the same molecular formula but different structure

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8
Q

Give all the crude oil products, starting from the top

A 
Refinery gasses
Gasoline (Petrol)
Kerosene (aircraft fuel)
Disel (Trucks)
Fuel oil (Ships)
Bitumen (Tar)
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9
Q

Alkenes are described as……..because they have…..carbon-carbon………bond, which means more hydrogen atoms can be……

A

Unsaturated
One
Double
Added

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10
Q

What is the displayed formula of propene

A 
H
                   |
H - C = C - C - H
       |      |     |
      H    H   H
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11
Q

In what circumstances does an alkane react with bromine

A

It reacts if it is in the presence of UV light.

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12
Q

What is meant by substitution

A

A hydrogen atom in the alkane is replaced by a bromine atom

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13
Q

How does an alkene react with bromine

A

The double bond is broken and the bromine atoms are added. UV light is NOT NEEDED!

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14
Q

What is the Homologous series

A

A family of compounds that have similar chemical properties, a trend in physical properties but same general formula.

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15
Q

What does Saturated mean

A

An organic molecule with only single bonds

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16
Q

What does Unsaturated mean

A

An organic molecule with the presence of double bonds

17
Q

What is an addition reaction

A

The breaking of a double bond and the bondings of other atop onto a molecule

18
Q

What is the structural formula of Butane

A

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

19
Q

What is the displayed formula of Butane

A 
H H H H
     |   |   |   |
H-C-C-C-C-H
     |   |   |   |
    H H H H
20
Q

What is the molecular formula of Butane

A

C4H10

21
Q

Give the first 5 Alkanes

A 
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
22
Q

Methane + Oxygen =

A

Carbon dioxide + Water

23
Q

Methane + Chlorine = = Chloro-methane + Hydrogen-chloride
UV
What is the symbol equation

A

CH4 + Cl2 = CH3 + HCl

24
Q

What happens when an alkene react with Bromine

A

The double bond is broken and the bromine atoms are added. UV light is not required

                                   Br Br
                                     |  |  H-C=C -H   + Br2  =   H-C-C-H
  |    |                              |  |
  H H                             H H
25
Q

What is in higher demand, long-chained hydrocarbons or short-chained hydrocarbons

A

Short-chained hydrocarbons

26
Q

Cracking involves the…………of long chained alkanes into alkenes and shorter-chained alkenes using……. as a catalyst and a temperature in the range of……..

A

Thermal decomposition
Aluminium Oxide
600-700 degrees

27
Q

What is a Monomer

A

Make up Polymers and have a double Carbon Carbon bond, so they are alkenes

28
Q

Why is cracking an important part of the oil industry

A
  • Higher demand for short chained hydrocarbons
  • Long chained hydrocarbons are in surplus
  • Cracking produces short chained hydrocarbons
  • Alkenes are also produced which can be used in ethanol and to make polymers
29
Q

How do you test for an alkene

A

Add to Bromine water and it will turn colourless

30
Q

What is a fuel

A

A substance that when burned releases energy

Chemistry (20 decks)

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