Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
What does the empirical formula show
The simples ratio from carbons to hydrogens
Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated
Saturated - No double bonds
Define an Isomer
Same molecular formula but different displayed formula
What happens in a addition reaction
Bromine breaks the double bond and hangs on at the bottom
ALKENE
What happens in a substation reaction
One bromine replaces the hydrogen
The replaced hydrogen joins to the other bromine
UV LIGHT!!!
ALKANE!!!
What colour happens in addition collar wise with alkenes and alkanes
Alkenes - bromine water turns colourless
Alkanes - bromine water stays orange
What is the structural and displayed formula of methanol
H
H-C-O-H
H
CH3OH
What is the functional group of alcohols
-OH
What happens to the boiling point the bigger the alcohol
Chains get bigger = bigger surface area = more intermolecular forces
Therefore more energy to overcome
Give the structural formula of propanol
CH3CH2CH2OH
Give the name -
CH3COOH
Ethanoic acid
Draw the displayed formula of Propanoic acid
……H..H…O
H - C -C - C
……..H…H..OH
Give the structural formula of ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
Give 3 essentials in making ethanol by the hydration of ethene
Catalyst - Phosphoric Acid
Temperature - 300˚C
Pressure - 60-70 atm
Give the word equation of the hydration of ethene
ethene + water = ethanol
Is the hydration of ethene pure or impure
Pure
Is the hydration of ethene a continuous or batch process
Continuous
Is the hydration of ethene, describe the rate of reaction
Fast
What is fermentation
Conversion of sugar into ethanol by the enzymes in yeast
Process at 30˚C so as to not to denature the enzymes
Done in the absence of air (anaerobic reparation)
Give the word equation in fermentation
Glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide
Give the advantages of the hydration method
Fast
Pure
Cheaper
Continuous
Give the advantages of fermentation
Renewable
Can be done on a small scale
Give the disadvantages of the hydration of ethene
Non-renewable
Large factory and infrastructure required
Give the disadvantages of fermentation
Slow
Impure
More expensive
Give 3 ways in which alcohols can be oxidised
Combustion
Microbal oxidation
Heating with Potassium Dichromate
Give the word equation with ethanol
Ethanol + Oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
Describe what happens in oxidation by microbial
The ethanol in the wine is oxidised by the air with the help of micro-organisms such as bacteria or yeast to form ethanoic acid
What colour is Potassium Dichromate
Orange
What colour does Potassium Dichromate when added to ethanol
Green
Give the chemical equation for the reaction of ethanol with potassium Dichromate
CH3CH2OH + 2(O) = CH3COOH + H2O
Metal + acid =
Salt + Hydrogen
Carboxylic acids are………acids
Weak
Lithium + ethanoic acid =
Li + CH3COOH =
Lithium ethanoate + hydrogen
CH3OOLi + H2
Give the chemical equation between Propanoic acid and Strontium Oxide
CH3CH2COOH + SRO = (CH3CH2COO)2SR + H2O
Whats an ester
Formed when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid
What is the functional group of alkenes
C=C
What is the functional group of Alcohols
-OH
What is the functional group of Carboxylic acids
COOH
What is the functional group of Esters
O
=
-O-C-C