Alkenes Flashcards
Addition polymerisation
process by which many identical monomers are added together at one time to form a very long saturated molecule
Addition reaction
reactant is added to a saturated molecule to make one saturated molecule
carbocation
an organic ion where the carbon has a positive charge
primary carbocation
a molecule in which the carbon with the positve charge is only attached to one alkyl group - this is the least stable carbocation
electrophile
atom or group of atoms which ACCEPTS a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond (electron pair acceptors)
Electrophillic addition
a reaction in which a pi bond is broken and two new sigma bonds form as a result of the addition of an electron pair acceptor (electrophile)
heterolytic fission
breaking of a covalent bond, both of the bonded electrons go to ONE atom, forming a cation (positive) and an anion (negative)
hydration
reaction in which a substance combines with water
Pi bond
reactive part of a double bond, formed from the sideways overlap of P-orbitals - cannot rotate freely and have a low bond enthalpy so are more reactive than alkanes
sigma bond
a covalent bond formed from the end to end overlap of S orbitals - can rotate freely
stereoisomers
molecules with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
markownikoffs rule
Hydrogen adds to the carbon with the most hydrogens already attached
