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Organic Chemistry level 2 > Alkenes > Flashcards

Alkenes Flashcards

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1
Q

general formula for straight chain and branch chain alkenes

A

CnH2n

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2
Q

general formula for cycloalkenes

A

CnH2n-2

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3
Q

how are C atoms numbered

A

to give the smallest number to the C=C bond

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4
Q

Addition reaction with alkenes

A

breaking the C=C bond to give a single bond and two additional single bonds.

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5
Q

addition reaction with hydrogen (hydrogenation

A

double C=C boned breaks and 2 H atoms form the additional bonds

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6
Q

hydrogenation reaction equation

A

alkene + H2 arrow (Pt) alkane

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7
Q

addition reaction with halogens Cl2 and Br2 (halogenation)

A

double C=C bond breaks and 2 Cl or Br atoms from the additional bonds

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8
Q

halogenation reaction equation

A

alkene + Cl2 or Br2 arrow haloalkane

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9
Q

addition reaction with HCl or HBr (hydrohalogenation)

A

Double C=C bond breaks and H and Cl or Br form the additional bonds

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10
Q

hydrohalogenation reaction equation

A

alkene + HCl or HBr arrow haloalkane

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11
Q

Markovnikov’s rule

A

determines which will be the major product: the H bonds to their C in the C=C bond with the most H atoms attached

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12
Q

when does a reaction produce two products (major and minor)

A

when the alkane is asymmetrical - one end of the C=C bond has different groups.

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13
Q

difference between the major and minor product

A

the major product is produced in greater amounts than the minor product

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14
Q

addition reaction with water (hydration)

A

double bond breaks and the H and the OH form the additional bonds

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15
Q

hydration reaction equation

A

alkene + water (steam) arrow (dilute H2SO4) alcohol

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16
Q

oxidation reactions of alkenes

A

under acidic conditions MnO4- ions oxide an alkene to give a diol. diols have two -OH groups added to an alkane parent chain

17
Q

polymers

A

a very long chain of carbon compounds made when many smaller molecules (called monomers) join together at their ends

18
Q

polymerisation

A

the double bonds in the alkenes break allowing monomers to connect together

Organic Chemistry level 2 (11 decks)

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