Alkenes Flashcards
general formula for straight chain and branch chain alkenes
CnH2n
general formula for cycloalkenes
CnH2n-2
how are C atoms numbered
to give the smallest number to the C=C bond
Addition reaction with alkenes
breaking the C=C bond to give a single bond and two additional single bonds.
addition reaction with hydrogen (hydrogenation
double C=C boned breaks and 2 H atoms form the additional bonds
hydrogenation reaction equation
alkene + H2 arrow (Pt) alkane
addition reaction with halogens Cl2 and Br2 (halogenation)
double C=C bond breaks and 2 Cl or Br atoms from the additional bonds
halogenation reaction equation
alkene + Cl2 or Br2 arrow haloalkane
addition reaction with HCl or HBr (hydrohalogenation)
Double C=C bond breaks and H and Cl or Br form the additional bonds
hydrohalogenation reaction equation
alkene + HCl or HBr arrow haloalkane
Markovnikov’s rule
determines which will be the major product: the H bonds to their C in the C=C bond with the most H atoms attached
when does a reaction produce two products (major and minor)
when the alkane is asymmetrical - one end of the C=C bond has different groups.
difference between the major and minor product
the major product is produced in greater amounts than the minor product
addition reaction with water (hydration)
double bond breaks and the H and the OH form the additional bonds
hydration reaction equation
alkene + water (steam) arrow (dilute H2SO4) alcohol