alkanes Flashcards
what is the general formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
what is the definition of a hydrocarbon
molecule made of only hydrogen and carbon
define a saturated molecule
molecule with single bonds only-contain the max amount of hydrogen atoms
define a structural isomer
molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
whats the definition of a radical species
highly reactive species that has one unpaired electron
describe the boiling points of straight chain alkanes
boiling point of straight chain alkanes increase as chain length increases as there are more electrons so stronger van der waals therefore take more energy to overcome
describe the boiling point in branched alkanes
in branched alkanes, there are less points of contacts so they have less van der walls so takes less energy to overcome
describe alkanes solubility in water
as there are no H-N H-F H-O therefore cant form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
what are the products in complete combustion
CO2 and H2O
what are the products of incomplete combustion
CO or C with H2O
what are the effects of combustion and the dangers
CO2 - global warming
CO- is toxic and can poison people
C - causes global dimming
what is the mechanism and needs to go from alkane to haloalkane
free radical substitution. need UV light
define hetrolytic fission
pair of electrons taken by an ion
define homolytic fission
covalent bond slips. each ion gains and electron. forms 2 radicals
