Alkali Metals Flashcards

1
Q

Where can Alkali metals be found in the PT?

A

The element of group one are known as alkali metals.
E.g - Lithium, Sodium and Potassium.

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2
Q

What are some properties of Alkali Metals? (3)

A
  • They are very reactive, as they only have one electron in their outer shell.
  • They are SOFT metals with LOW DENSITIES.
  • They are so reactive that they react instantly with oxygen and are found naturally in compounds like metal oxide. Pure alkali metals must be stored in oils to prevent this.
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3
Q

Reaction with water?

A

Alkali Metal + Water === Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

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4
Q

How does reactivity increase down Group 1?

A
  • As atoms get bigger they have more electron shells.
  • The outer electron is further away from the nucleus.
  • The attraction between the outer electrons and the
    nucleus becomes weaker.
  • This makes it easier for an atom to lose its outer electron.
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4
Q

Melting and boiling points in the group?

A

They decrease down the group.

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5
Q

What are Ionic Compounds?

A

Alkali metals oonly have one electron in their outer shell, so they are very keen to lose it to form a 1+ ION. They are so keen that they only react to form ionic compounds.

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6
Q

Where does the name ‘Alkali Metals’ come from?

A

The hydroxides that are formed when alkali metals react with water will dissolve to make alkaline solutions.

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7
Q

What happens when they react with chlorine?

A

The alkali metals react vigorously when heated in chlorine gas to form white metal chloride solid salt. You would also see yellow chlorine gas and a bright flame.

(Alkali metal + Chlorine = Metal chloride)

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8
Q

What are products of reactions between metals and non metals?

A

The product tends so be white solids which dissolve to form a colourless solution.

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9
Q

Reaction with Oxygen?

A

Produces a metal oxide. Produces a layer of oxide on the metal, called tarnish.

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10
Q

What happens when lithium reacts with water?

A

Forms lithium hydroxide and hydrogen.
You can see it fizzing, move across the surface then dissolve

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11
Q

What happens when sodium react with water?

A

Forms sodium peroxide and hydrogen.
You can see it fizzing, move across the surface and dissolve.

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12
Q

What happens when potassium reacts with water?

A

Form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen.
You can see it fizziing, move across the surface, dissolve and a lilac flame.

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