Alexander III

Question 1

When was Alexander III reign?

Answer 1

1881-1894

Question 2

What were the first actions AIII took when he came into power?

Answer 2

Executed the leaders of the People’s Will for assassinating his father

Refused to implement the Loris-Melikov Constitution

Question 3

What was the Loris-Melikov Constitution going to allow?

Who supported this?

Answer 3

Communities to discuss legislation and administration

Supported by the Liberals

Question 4

Who acted as a large influence on AIII?

Answer 4

Pobedonostev - his tutor and a minister of the Orthodox church

Question 5

What was AIII known as? Why?

Answer 5

The Black Tsar

B/c of his repressive and restrictive policies

Question 6

When was the Russo-Turkish War?

Answer 6

1877-78

Question 7

What was the name of the secret police under AIII?

Answer 7

Okhrana

Question 8

What was the role of the Okhrana?

Answer 8

• Ensure Security

- Take on investigations

Question 9

When did the Okhrana receive more powers? What were they?

Answer 9

1882

Could search, detain and exile anyone who raised their suspicions

Question 10

What was the name of the Police in AIII’s reign?

Answer 10

Gendarmerie

Question 11

What was the role of the Gendarmerie?

Answer 11

Track fugitives
Control riots
Recruit spies/informants
Investigate political cases

Question 12

Give 2 examples of Repression under AIII

Answer 12

Secret Police

Russification

Question 13

When was the Famine under AIII?

Answer 13

1891-92

Question 14

How was the Famine caused?

Answer 14

B/c of Vyshnegradsky’s policy of ‘We shall not eat, We shall Export’

Bad Harvest - had lots of ruined crops b/c of an early winter and a dry summer

Question 15

By how much did grain exports increase between 1888-92?

Answer 15

18%

Question 16

What was Vyshnegradsky’s role?

Answer 16

Finance Minister (1888-92)

Question 17

How was the Famine dealt with?

Answer 17

Zemstvos had to feed villages but there was a large failure to organise adequate relief

Question 18

What did Vyshnegradski introduce in 1891?

Answer 18

The Tariff Act

Question 19

Who was Finance Minister after Vyshnegradski?

Answer 19

Witte

1892-1903

Question 20

What did the economy experience in AIII reign?

Answer 20

The Great Spurt

Question 21

When was the budget brought to surplus?

Answer 21

1892

Question 22

What did Witte introduce to help Russia recover from the Famine?

Answer 22

• Protected Tariffs
• Heavy Tax
• Domestic Loans
• High-interest rates`

Question 23

When was the Gold Standard introduced?

Answer 23

1897

Question 24

What were the benefits of introducing the Gold Standard?

Answer 24

It helped stabilise the currency

Question 25

When were Peasant Land Banks introduced?

Answer 25

1883

Question 26

How much of the railway in Russia was state-owned by 1890?

Answer 26

60%

Question 27

When was Russification enforced?

Answer 27

1890s

Question 28

Who did Russification target?

Answer 28

Poles Finns Ukrainians and other Non-Russians who were apart of Russia

Question 29

What did Russification do?

Answer 29

Enforced Russian ideology on other countries that were a part of the Empire and limited their freedoms e.g. learning Russian in schools, attempts to erase national identities

Question 30

What are the 'Black Hundreds'?

Answer 30

A nationalist group notorious for attacking Jewish people

Question 31

When were Jewish people targetted by nobles?

Answer 31

1882

Question 32

Finish the sentence: AIII's reign saw an increase in the use of...

Answer 32

pogroms due to AIII Anti-Semitic views

Question 33

How many railways were constructed between 1882-85?

Answer 33

632km

Question 34

How did an increase in railway benefit Russia?

Answer 34

Opened them to access to raw materials Established Communication Links Increase the possibility of transport Showed that Russia was modernising

Question 35

What did Russia rely on financially?

Answer 35

Foreign Loans e.g. France

Question 36

What railway was completed by 1888?

Answer 36

The Baku Oil-fields Railway

Question 37

How many people died b/c of the 1891-92 Famine?

Answer 37

350,000

Question 38

When were the peasants banned from leaving the mir?

Answer 38

1893

Question 39

When were peasant rebellions in AIII's reign? Who helped them?

Answer 39

1890's | Helped by Land Captains

Question 40

What reform did AIII enforce regarding the working of children?

Answer 40

In 1882 he banned children under age 12 from being employed

Question 41

When did AIII ban women and children from working at night?

Answer 41

1885

Question 42

How was Pobedonostev able repress?

Answer 42

Was Procurator of the Holy Synod which allowed him to tighten controls

Question 43

When was the Zemstvo Act? What did it do?

Answer 43

1890 | Brough the Zemstva under direct central control

Question 44

What was the role of Land Captains?

Answer 44

They could overturn court and zemstva decisions

Question 45

When were Land Captains introduced?

Answer 45

1889

Question 46

What part of AIII's Government saw an increase in usage?

Answer 46

The Imperial Chancellory, specifically the 3rd Section (Secret Police)

Question 47

What treaty was a result of the Russo-Turkish War?

Answer 47

Treaty of San Stefano (1879)

Question 48

What were the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano?

Answer 48

Russia got land in Bessarabia Turkey paid war indemnity to Russia Bulgaria Expanded

Question 49

When did the Ottomans call for an armistice? How did Russia react?

Answer 49

Called for an armistice on Jan 24th 1878 | Russia initially ignored it , they then accepted it on Jan 31st 1878 but they kept fighting

Question 50

When was the Conquest of Berlin?

Answer 50

1878

Question 51

What happened in the conquest of Berlin?

Answer 51

Russia retained rights over Bessarabia | Austria-Hungary and Britain gained territorial rights

Question 52

What was the impact of the Russo-Turkish War?

Answer 52

- Russia suffered a large failure - Nationalities were not satisfied - AIII did not deal well with the unrest it caused