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HBHD > Alcohol & Substance Use Disorders > Flashcards

Alcohol & Substance Use Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Due to the recent ingestion of alcohol; clinically problematic behavioral or psychological changes (slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus, coma, etc.)

A

Alcohol Intoxication

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2
Q

Cessation (or reduction in) alcohol that has been heavy and prolonged; involves autonomic hyperactivity (sweaty, tachycardia), hand tremor, insomnia, hallucinations, seizures, etc.

A

Alcohol Withdrawal

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3
Q

Problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress; involves large binges, persistent desire to cut down or control (usually unsuccessful), craving, desire and inability to complete obligations at work, school or home

A

Alcohol Use Disorder

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4
Q

Numerical definitions of at-risk drinking per gender

A

Female: >3 drinks (one sitting) or 7/week
Male: >4 drinks (one sitting) or 14/week

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5
Q

What does the Alcohol Screening mnemonic CAGE mean

A

C: Cut down?
A: Annoyed by others commenting?
G: Guilt associated?
E: Eye opening drink in the morning?

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6
Q

What does the Alcohol Screening mnemonic CRAFFT mean?

A 
C: Car (drive with anyone intoxicated)
R: Relax (use to relax)
A: Alone (drink/use alone)
F: Family or Friends (tell you to cut down)
F: Forget (things while drinking)
T: Trouble?
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7
Q

What labs are elevated with Alcohol consumption

A

LFT (GGT, AST, ALT)
HDL
LDH
Uric Acid

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8
Q

Consequence of alcohol withdrawal; onset is 2-4 days after last drink; hyperactivity, tachycardia, HTN, fever, halluinations and disoriented; CAN BE FATAL

A

Delirium Tremens

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9
Q

Triad of confusion, ataxia and ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of eye muscles); can also see Korsakoff’s Syndrome; due to dec. thiamine (Vitamin B1); EMERGENCY as 20% of untreated patients will die; MUST give Thiamine before glucose

A

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

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10
Q

Potential consequence of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy; impaired memory in an otherwise alert, responsive patient; either retrograde or anterograde memory loss or confabulations

A

Karsakoff Syndrome

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11
Q

Delirium Tremens (in alcohol withdrawal) is due to a deficiency in what vitamin

A

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

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12
Q

Treatment for Delirium Tremens

A

Benzodiazepines (long acting)
Thiamine
Folate

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13
Q

What if your Delirium Tremens patient starts to seize? (what treatment)

A

Benzodiazepines

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14
Q

What if your Delirium Tremens patient starts to hallucinate?

A

Haloperidol (low dose)

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15
Q

Examples of treatment for Alcohol Dependence (pharmacologic)

A

Disulfiram
Acamprosate
Naltrexone

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16
Q

Drug for Alcohol Dependence; opioid receptor antagonist to reduce cravings

A

Naltrexone

17
Q

Sedative infamous for respiratory depression

A

Barbiturates

18
Q

Flumazenil is good for sedative (overdose/withdrawal)

A

Overdose

19
Q

Benzodiazepines are good for sedative (overdose/withdrawal)

A

Withdrawal

20
Q

Symptoms of Opioid OVERDOSE

A 
Mood elevation
Sedation
Analgesia
Resp. Depression
Pupil Constriction

*everything kinda relaxes

21
Q

Symptoms of Opioid WITHDRAWAL

A 
Depression
"Flu-like" symptoms (muscle aches, chills, etc.)
Piloerection
Pupil Dilation
Stomach Cramps

*everything kinda get excited

22
Q

Drug for Opioid overdose

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

23
Q

Drugs for Opioid Withdrawal

A

Naltrexone
Buprenorphine
Methadone taper

24
Q

Partial opioid agonist + opioid antagonist

A

Buprenorphine

25
Q

Symptoms of Stimulant use

A 
Elevated mood
Anxiety
Insomnia
Psychosis
HTN
DILATED pupils
26
Q

Symptoms of Stimulant withdrawal

A 
Depression
Irritable
Lethargy
Fatigue
Hypotension
Dec. Neurologic activity
27
Q

Symptoms of Stimulant withdrawal

A

Cardiac monitoring
Benzodiazepines
Antipsychotics (if psychosis)

28
Q

Symptoms of Hallucinogen use

A

Hallucinations (visual)

Hyperalert (EEG)

29
Q

Examples of NMDA antagonists (Dissociatives)

A

Dextromethorphan
PCP
Ketamine
NO

30
Q

Symptoms of NMDA antagonists (Dissociatives)

A 
Dissociation/Hallucinations
Invulnerability
Agitation/Violence
Nystagmus
HYPERreflexia
HTN/Tachycardia
31
Q

Treatment for NMDA antagonists (Dissociatives)

A

Benzodiazepines

Antipsychotics

32
Q

Examples of Inhalants/Fumes

A

Fuels
Paint
Anesthetics
NO

33
Q

Symptoms of Inhalants/Fumes

A 
Euphoria
Disinhibited
Dizzy
Ataxia
Dysrhythmias
Slurred speech

HBHD (21 decks)

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