Alcohol Misuse and Addiction Flashcards
How many glasses of wine is 14 units?
6 glasses
How do you calculate units of all?
Strength(%) x ml volume /1000 = units
What cancer is most linked to alcohol?
Bowel
Alcohol misuse score is called ?
AUDIT
What is FRAMES for? What does it stand for?
Elements of a brief intervention
Feedback, responsibility, advice, menu, empathy, self-efficacy
ICD-10 criteria of dependence
A strong desire to take substance, difficulty controlling substance use, withdrawal state, tolerance, persistence despite evidence of harm
The ______ pathway, the pathway of ‘wanting’
Mesolimbic
Dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway is a _______ signal
Motivating
What dopamine receptors are decreased by addiction?
D2
Why is this dopamine receptor down regulation significant?
Threshold for reward is increased, and they become dependent on the drug
What does the pre-frontal cortex do?
Helps intention guide behaviour
Modulates the powerful effects of the reward pathway
Sets goals, makes sound decisions
Keeps emotions and impulses under control
What does the OFC provide?
Assigns values to events
Key creator of motivation to act
Addicts show ______ activation of OFC when presented with drug cues
Increased
The ______ is dysfunctional in addicted people
PFC
Salience definition
Importance, dominance
What is the Moral Model of addiction?
Addition seen as wilful violation of societal rules, as a result of human weakness
Disposition disease model of addiction
The “disease” of addiction is irreversible - no cure can be arrested via total abstinence
Personality models of addiction
Primary causal factor is the individual as the roots of their addiction lie in their abnormal personality
What are the more biological/medical models of addiction ?
Emphasis on genetic and physiological processes in determining addiction
Addiction can be up to ______ heritable
50%
Pavlovian =
Skinnian =
Associative learning
Instrumental learning