Abnormal mood

Question 1

___ percent of mood disorders start ____ 30

Answer 1

50%, before

Question 2

Euthymic

Answer 2

Normal mood

Question 3

Hyperthymic

Answer 3

Elevated mood

Question 4

Cyclothymic

Answer 4

Variable mood

Question 5

Sanguine

Answer 5

Extrovert

Question 6

Phlegmatic

Answer 6

Self-content, kind

Question 7

Melancholic

Answer 7

Perfectionist, worrier

Question 8

Choleric

Answer 8

Leader, in charge

Question 9

Anhedonia

Answer 9

Loss of enjoyment/pleasure

Question 10

Anergia

Answer 10

Lack of energy

Question 11

Amotivation

Answer 11

Lack of motivation

Question 12

Diurnal variation

Answer 12

Mood variation throughout the day

Question 13

Psychomotor retardation

Answer 13

Subjective or objective slowing of thoughts and or movement

Question 14

Stupor

Answer 14

Absence of relational functions

Question 15

Early morning wakening is a feature of ________. What is it?

Answer 15

Depression

Waking at least 2 hours before the expected/normal time

Question 16

Appearance in depression

Answer 16

Reduced facial expression
Brow is furrowed
Reduced eye contact
Limited gesturing
Rapport is often difficult to establish

Question 17

Speech in depression

Answer 17

Limited content (brief answers)
Reduced rate of speech 
Lowered in pitch 
Reduced in volume 
Reduced intonation (pitch) 
Increased latencies (longer time between end of question and them starting to speak)

Question 18

What is mood?

Answer 18

Prolonged prevailing state; typically associated with what the patient describes (subjective)
How do you feel?

Question 19

What is affect?

Answer 19

It’s mood applied to things (events, people)
It’s how the patient’s feelings change in relation to their surroundings and the context, it’s something that you typically observe
How the patient reacts

Question 20

Cotard’s syndrome

Answer 20

Nihilistic delusions: life is meaningless

“Walking corpse syndrome”

Question 21

Hallucinations in depression are almost always _________

Answer 21

Auditory

Question 22

Observations in depression

Answer 22

Slower movements
Fiddling fingers 
Defeated posture
Reduced facial expression 
Speech reduced 
Mood low 
Poor sleep 
Exhausted
Worrying

Question 23

Major depression is NOT

Answer 23

Just being sad or a bit unhappy

Not some variation of normal

Question 24

What is the affective spectrum?

Answer 24

One end “mania” one end “depression”

Question 25

DSM 5 is for what disorders?

Answer 25

Depressive, and bipolar

Question 26

ICD-10 categories

Answer 26

Just mood , which encompasses depressive, bipolar, and mania

Question 27

Depression categories in DSM vs ICD

Answer 27

DSM has a "mild" category, whereas ICD only has moderate and severe

Question 28

Criteria for diagnosing depression

Answer 28

Depressive episode lasting 2 weeks There have been no hypomanic or manic symptoms sufficient to meet the criteria for hypomanic or manic episode at nay time in the individual's life 2/3: depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, decreased energy

Question 29

What is a depressed mood?

Answer 29

To a degree that is definitely abnormal for the individual, present for most of the day and almost every day, largely uninfluenced by circumstances, and sustained for at least 2 weeks

Question 30

Moderate vs severe depression

Answer 30

All 3 symptoms would be severe depression Moderate = 6 points Severe = 8 points

Question 31

Do anti-depressants work in mild depression?

Answer 31

Not more than a placebo

Question 32

What is psychotic depression?

Answer 32

Occasionally paranoid - typically mood-congruent | Cotard's syndrome

Question 33

Who gets Cotard's syndrome?

Answer 33

More common in the elderly

Question 34

Bipolar I vs II

Answer 34

I: has to have met criteria for mania, although previous episode may have been hypomanic and/or depressive "classic form" of psychosis II: current or past hypomanic episode AND current or past depressive episode Never met criteria for manic episode More ocmmon

Question 35

Bipolar II

Answer 35

Pseudo | Hypomanic episodes only after antidepressants for depression

Question 36

What is bipolar disorder?

Answer 36

Characterized by 2+ episodes in which the patient's mood and activity levels are significantly disturbed (on some occasions hypomania or mania, and on others, depression)

Question 37

Depression vs bipolar

Answer 37

A single episode of hypomania or mania is bipolar disorder The first episode of (hypo)mania on a background of recurrent depression means that it's bipolar disorder and not depression anymore

Question 38

Hypomania vs mania

Answer 38

Hypomania means lower/below mania

Question 39

How do you classify a hypomanic episode

Answer 39

1. mood is elevated or irritable to a degree that is abnormal for >4 days 2. 3 of the following signs must be present (interfering with personal daily living): increased activity, talkativeness, no concentration, decreased need for sleep, increased sexual energy, mild spending sprees

Question 40

Hypomania vs mania time

Answer 40

4 days and 1 week

Question 41

BP I is about _____ of BPAD

Answer 41

1/3

Question 42

When do you get BP?

Answer 42

Late teens or early 20s

Question 43

BP over 60?

Answer 43

Very rare! Often treatment-resistant and progressive decline in functioning Organic cause more likely