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Psychiatry > Abnormal mood > Flashcards

Abnormal mood Flashcards

1
Q

___ percent of mood disorders start ____ 30

A

50%, before

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2
Q

Euthymic

A

Normal mood

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3
Q

Hyperthymic

A

Elevated mood

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4
Q

Cyclothymic

A

Variable mood

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5
Q

Sanguine

A

Extrovert

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6
Q

Phlegmatic

A

Self-content, kind

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7
Q

Melancholic

A

Perfectionist, worrier

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8
Q

Choleric

A

Leader, in charge

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9
Q

Anhedonia

A

Loss of enjoyment/pleasure

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10
Q

Anergia

A

Lack of energy

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11
Q

Amotivation

A

Lack of motivation

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12
Q

Diurnal variation

A

Mood variation throughout the day

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13
Q

Psychomotor retardation

A

Subjective or objective slowing of thoughts and or movement

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14
Q

Stupor

A

Absence of relational functions

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15
Q

Early morning wakening is a feature of ________. What is it?

A

Depression

Waking at least 2 hours before the expected/normal time

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16
Q

Appearance in depression

A 
Reduced facial expression
Brow is furrowed
Reduced eye contact
Limited gesturing
Rapport is often difficult to establish
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17
Q

Speech in depression

A 
Limited content (brief answers)
Reduced rate of speech 
Lowered in pitch 
Reduced in volume 
Reduced intonation (pitch) 
Increased latencies (longer time between end of question and them starting to speak)
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18
Q

What is mood?

A

Prolonged prevailing state; typically associated with what the patient describes (subjective)
How do you feel?

19
Q

What is affect?

A

It’s mood applied to things (events, people)
It’s how the patient’s feelings change in relation to their surroundings and the context, it’s something that you typically observe
How the patient reacts

20
Q

Cotard’s syndrome

A

Nihilistic delusions: life is meaningless

“Walking corpse syndrome”

21
Q

Hallucinations in depression are almost always _________

A

Auditory

22
Q

Observations in depression

A 
Slower movements
Fiddling fingers 
Defeated posture
Reduced facial expression 
Speech reduced 
Mood low 
Poor sleep 
Exhausted
Worrying
23
Q

Major depression is NOT

A

Just being sad or a bit unhappy

Not some variation of normal

24
Q

What is the affective spectrum?

A

One end “mania” one end “depression”

25
Q

DSM 5 is for what disorders?

A

Depressive, and bipolar

26
Q

ICD-10 categories

A

Just mood , which encompasses depressive, bipolar, and mania

27
Q

Depression categories in DSM vs ICD

A

DSM has a “mild” category, whereas ICD only has moderate and severe

28
Q

Criteria for diagnosing depression

A

Depressive episode lasting 2 weeks
There have been no hypomanic or manic symptoms sufficient to meet the criteria for hypomanic or manic episode at nay time in the individual’s life

2/3: depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, decreased energy

29
Q

What is a depressed mood?

A

To a degree that is definitely abnormal for the individual, present for most of the day and almost every day, largely uninfluenced by circumstances, and sustained for at least 2 weeks

30
Q

Moderate vs severe depression

A

All 3 symptoms would be severe depression
Moderate = 6 points
Severe = 8 points

31
Q

Do anti-depressants work in mild depression?

A

Not more than a placebo

32
Q

What is psychotic depression?

A

Occasionally paranoid - typically mood-congruent

Cotard’s syndrome

33
Q

Who gets Cotard’s syndrome?

A

More common in the elderly

34
Q

Bipolar I vs II

A

I: has to have met criteria for mania, although previous episode may have been hypomanic and/or depressive
“classic form” of psychosis
II: current or past hypomanic episode AND current or past depressive episode
Never met criteria for manic episode
More ocmmon

35
Q

Bipolar II

A

Pseudo

Hypomanic episodes only after antidepressants for depression

36
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Characterized by 2+ episodes in which the patient’s mood and activity levels are significantly disturbed (on some occasions hypomania or mania, and on others, depression)

37
Q

Depression vs bipolar

A

A single episode of hypomania or mania is bipolar disorder
The first episode of (hypo)mania on a background of recurrent depression means that it’s bipolar disorder and not depression anymore

38
Q

Hypomania vs mania

A

Hypomania means lower/below mania

39
Q

How do you classify a hypomanic episode

A
  1. mood is elevated or irritable to a degree that is abnormal for >4 days
  2. 3 of the following signs must be present (interfering with personal daily living): increased activity, talkativeness, no concentration, decreased need for sleep, increased sexual energy, mild spending sprees
40
Q

Hypomania vs mania time

A

4 days and 1 week

41
Q

BP I is about _____ of BPAD

A

1/3

42
Q

When do you get BP?

A

Late teens or early 20s

43
Q

BP over 60?

A

Very rare! Often treatment-resistant and progressive decline in functioning
Organic cause more likely

Psychiatry (22 decks)

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