Alcohol, Caffeine, and Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
abstinence syndrome
the signs and symptoms that occur on withdrawal of a drug in a dependent person
addiction
compulsive drug-using behavior in which the person uses the drug for personal satisfaction, often in the face of know risk to health
controlled substance
a drug deemed to have abuse liability that is listed on govt schedules of controlled substances
dependence
a state characterized by signs and symptoms when it is withdrawn from chronic use or when the dose is abruptly lowered
designer drug
a synthetic derivative of a drug with slightly modified structure
tolerance
a decreased response to a drug, necessitating larger doses to achieve the same effect
metabolic, behavioral or functional tolerance
sensitization
an increased response with repetition of the same dose of a drug
withdrawal
adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is terminated
*evidence of physical dependence
schedule 1 drugs
no medical use
high addiction potential
ex: heroin
schedule 2 drugs
medical use
high addiction potential
ex: amphetamines
schedule 3 drugs
medical use
moderate abuse potential
ex: anabolic steroids
schedule 4 drugs
medical use
low abuse potential
ex: benzos
what are considered the drugs of abuse?
alcohol tobacco marijuana inhalants stimulants depressants hallucinogens narcotics PCP
most commonly abused painkillers
fentanyl
hydrocodone
oxycodone
most commonly abused depressants
alprazolam
zolpidem
zaleplon
most commonly abused stimulants
adderal
methylphenidate
stimulant overdose sx
agitation HTN tachy delusions hallucinations hyperthermia seizures death
stimulant withdrawal sx
apathy irritability increased sleep disorientation depression
barbiturate, benzo and alcohol overdose sx
slurred speech drunken behavior dilated pupils weak, rapid pulse clammy skin shallow resp coma death
barbiturate, benzo and alcohol withdrawal sx
anxiety insomnia delirium tremors seizures death
opioid overdose sx
constricted pupils clammy skin nausea drowsiness resp depression coma death
opioid withdrawal sx
nausea chills cramps lacrimation rhinorrhea yawning hyperpnea tremor
opioid receptor antagonists
naloxone (narcan)
naltrexone
synthetic opioid
methadone
partial µ-opioid receptor agonist
buprenorphine
nicotinic receptor partial agonist
varenicline (chantix)
NMDA receptor antagonist
acamprosate
*reduces desire to drink alcohol
drugs of abuse that are not necessarily addictive
LSD mescaline psilocybin PCP ketamine
medical uses for caffeine
improve mental alertness migraines post-epidural headaches asthma ADHD memory
alcohol metabolism timeline
1 ounce of alcohol takes 1 hour to metabolize
binge drinking for women
4 or more drinks during a single occasion
binge drinking for men
5 or more drinks during a single occasion
heavy drinking for women
8 or more drinks per week
heavy drinking for men
15 or more drinks per week
explain the metabolism of alcohol
undergoes first-pass metabolism by gastric and liver alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase
follows zero order kinetics
tx for acute alcohol intoxication
monitor respiratory depression and aspiration
glucose to treat metabolic alterations
thiamine to protect against Wernicke-korsakoff
tx for acute withdrawal syndrome
major pharm objective is to prevent seizures, delirium, arrhythmias
electrolyte rebalancing, and thiamine therapy
benzos
what drugs can be used for prevention of alcohol abuse
acamprosate
disulfiram
naltrexone
what drugs can be used for acute methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
ethanol
fomepizole
disulfiram
inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and causes extreme discomfort in patients who drink alcohol
fomepizole
inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
