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NMSP Exam 3 > Alcohol, Caffeine, and Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Alcohol, Caffeine, and Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

abstinence syndrome

A

the signs and symptoms that occur on withdrawal of a drug in a dependent person

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2
Q

addiction

A

compulsive drug-using behavior in which the person uses the drug for personal satisfaction, often in the face of know risk to health

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3
Q

controlled substance

A

a drug deemed to have abuse liability that is listed on govt schedules of controlled substances

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4
Q

dependence

A

a state characterized by signs and symptoms when it is withdrawn from chronic use or when the dose is abruptly lowered

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5
Q

designer drug

A

a synthetic derivative of a drug with slightly modified structure

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6
Q

tolerance

A

a decreased response to a drug, necessitating larger doses to achieve the same effect

metabolic, behavioral or functional tolerance

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7
Q

sensitization

A

an increased response with repetition of the same dose of a drug

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8
Q

withdrawal

A

adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is terminated

*evidence of physical dependence

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9
Q

schedule 1 drugs

A

no medical use
high addiction potential

ex: heroin

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10
Q

schedule 2 drugs

A

medical use
high addiction potential

ex: amphetamines

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11
Q

schedule 3 drugs

A

medical use
moderate abuse potential

ex: anabolic steroids

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12
Q

schedule 4 drugs

A

medical use
low abuse potential

ex: benzos

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13
Q

what are considered the drugs of abuse?

A 
alcohol
tobacco
marijuana
inhalants
stimulants
depressants
hallucinogens
narcotics
PCP
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14
Q

most commonly abused painkillers

A

fentanyl
hydrocodone
oxycodone

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15
Q

most commonly abused depressants

A

alprazolam
zolpidem
zaleplon

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16
Q

most commonly abused stimulants

A

adderal

methylphenidate

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17
Q

stimulant overdose sx

A 
agitation
HTN
tachy
delusions
hallucinations
hyperthermia
seizures
death
18
Q

stimulant withdrawal sx

A 
apathy
irritability
increased sleep
disorientation
depression
19
Q

barbiturate, benzo and alcohol overdose sx

A 
slurred speech
drunken behavior
dilated pupils
weak, rapid pulse
clammy skin
shallow resp
coma
death
20
Q

barbiturate, benzo and alcohol withdrawal sx

A 
anxiety
insomnia
delirium
tremors
seizures
death
21
Q

opioid overdose sx

A 
constricted pupils
clammy skin
nausea
drowsiness
resp depression
coma
death
22
Q

opioid withdrawal sx

A 
nausea
chills
cramps
lacrimation
rhinorrhea
yawning
hyperpnea
tremor
23
Q

opioid receptor antagonists

A

naloxone (narcan)

naltrexone

24
Q

synthetic opioid

A

methadone

25
Q

partial µ-opioid receptor agonist

A

buprenorphine

26
Q

nicotinic receptor partial agonist

A

varenicline (chantix)

27
Q

NMDA receptor antagonist

A

acamprosate

*reduces desire to drink alcohol

28
Q

drugs of abuse that are not necessarily addictive

A 
LSD
mescaline
psilocybin 
PCP
ketamine
29
Q

medical uses for caffeine

A 
improve mental alertness
migraines
post-epidural headaches
asthma
ADHD
memory
30
Q

alcohol metabolism timeline

A

1 ounce of alcohol takes 1 hour to metabolize

31
Q

binge drinking for women

A

4 or more drinks during a single occasion

32
Q

binge drinking for men

A

5 or more drinks during a single occasion

33
Q

heavy drinking for women

A

8 or more drinks per week

34
Q

heavy drinking for men

A

15 or more drinks per week

35
Q

explain the metabolism of alcohol

A

undergoes first-pass metabolism by gastric and liver alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase

follows zero order kinetics

36
Q

tx for acute alcohol intoxication

A

monitor respiratory depression and aspiration
glucose to treat metabolic alterations
thiamine to protect against Wernicke-korsakoff

37
Q

tx for acute withdrawal syndrome

A

major pharm objective is to prevent seizures, delirium, arrhythmias

electrolyte rebalancing, and thiamine therapy

benzos

38
Q

what drugs can be used for prevention of alcohol abuse

A

acamprosate
disulfiram
naltrexone

39
Q

what drugs can be used for acute methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning

A

ethanol

fomepizole

40
Q

disulfiram

A

inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and causes extreme discomfort in patients who drink alcohol

41
Q

fomepizole

A

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

NMSP Exam 3 (18 decks)

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