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Alcohol Flashcards

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1
Q

When was alcoholic fermentation discovered?

A

1810

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2
Q 
What is alcoholic fermentation used for?
A) Rising bread dough
B) Alcohol production 
C) Ethanol fuel production
D) All of the above
A

D

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3
Q

What type of organism performs anaerobic alcoholic fermentation?

A

Fungi - Yeast

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4
Q

T/F

Wild animals get drunk

A

True

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5
Q

The first culture to make wine/cider was ____ using ___

A

China, wild grapes

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6
Q

T/F

Only grapes can be fermented to make wine

A

False - but usually it’s called cider instead

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7
Q

Where were grapes domesticated?

A

Transcaucasia & W. Mediterranean

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8
Q

The earliest wine makers were:

A

The Greeks (6500 years ago)

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9
Q

Who was Dionysus/Bacchus?

A

Greek/Roman god of wine, madness, ecstasy, intoxication

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10
Q

How did wine come to the Americas?

A

Spanish missions planted grapes called Mission grape

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11
Q

Where are sugars stored in grape fruit?

A

Within the pulp

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12
Q

Where are pigments stored in grape fruit?

A

In the epicarp (skin)

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13
Q 
What characteristic determines the time of harvest?
A) Sugar content
B) Height of vines
C) Colour of skin
D) Acid content 
E) A and D
A

E (15-25%, 1%)

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14
Q

Why are grapes crushed?

A

To break skin and liberate the juice

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15
Q

What is the difference in processing between red and white wine?

A

Red is macerated with skins on and left throughout fermentation. White wine grapes have the skin removed (by pressing) before fermentation

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16
Q

What temperature is red wine fermented at?

A

25-30

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17
Q

What temperature is white wine fermented at?

A

10-15

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18
Q 
Which gas is added to grape juice during fermentation to prevent unwanted microbial growth?
A) SO2
B) O2
C) CO2
D) N2
A

A

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19
Q

When does fermentation end?

A

When all of the sugar is used (for dry wine) or can be interrupted early for a sweet wine

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20
Q 
What is the maximum alcohol concentration through fermentation?
A) 30-40%
B) 12-15% 
C) 4-8%
D) 21-27%
A

B

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21
Q

What is the method of stabilizing wine?

A

Pasteurization &/or scorbic acid

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22
Q 
During malolactic fermentation (in aging) \_\_\_\_\_ is metabolized and \_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_ are produced
A) Carbon Dioxide
B) Oxygen
C) Malic Acid
D) Lactic Acid
A

C, D, A

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23
Q

What is the danger of wine aging with oxygen present?

A

Acetic fermentation –> vinegar

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24
Q

How do you make champagne?

A

2nd fermentation

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25
Q

What is a fortified wine?

A

Wine with additional ethanol

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26
Q

How old is beer?

A

6000 years

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27
Q

T/F

Beer was invented by the Egyptians

A

False - also Inca, Chinese, Hebrews, & Sumerians

28
Q

T/F

Beer can be made from any grain

A

True - it just needs starch really

29
Q

Which is older?
A) Beer
B) Leavened Bread

A

A

30
Q

What is the purpose of Malting?

A

Hydrolysis of sugars from cereal grains

31
Q

What is the difference between a light and dark beer?

A

Light beer is roasted at lower temperature for less time, dark beer caramelizes the sugars by roasting the grains at higher temperatures for longer

32
Q

What is the end product of mashing roasted malt, milled grains, and water?

A

Wort

33
Q 
Which is not a use of Hops?
A) Brewing beer
B) Distilling vodka
C) Preservative
D) Perfume/flavouring 
E) Food
A

B

34
Q

T/F

All beer uses the same yeast to ferment

A

False - Lager yeast settles to the bottom (and cold fermentation)
Ale yeast floats (and warm fermentation)

35
Q

How long does it take to age a green beer?

A

3 weeks

36
Q

T/F

Beer is only fermented once

A

False - secondary fermentation gives carbonation

37
Q

T/F

Draft vs. bottled use different processing

A

True - Draft = cold-filtering

Bottled = pasteurization

38
Q

T/F

Sake is a form of wine

A

False - it is actually beer

39
Q

Sake is made of ____ grains and fermented by ____

A

Rice, Aspergillus oryzae

40
Q

How do you separate the alcohol from beer/wine?

A

Distillation

41
Q 
Which types of spirits are made using a pot still?
A) Wine
B) Brandy 
C) Vodka
D) Whisky
E) Cognac
A

B, D, E

42
Q

T/F

Batch distillation is more complex than fractional

A

False - continuous stills are more complex to use

43
Q 
Which spirits are unaged?
A) Brandy 
B) Whiskey
C) Gin 
D) Vodka
A

C, D

44
Q

What are gin and vodka made from?

A

Sugar cane, potatoes

45
Q 
Which is not an aged spirit?
A) Bourbon
B) Tequila
C) Whiskey 
D) Brandy
A

B

46
Q

What plant is Tequila made of?

A

Blue agave

47
Q

What part of the agave plant is used for tequila?

A

The sap of the “pineapple” - fermented & distilled

48
Q 
What is the difference between gold and silver tequila?
A) There is no difference
B) Silver tequila is aged, gold is not
C) Food colouring in gold
D) Gold tequila is aged, silver is not
A

D

49
Q

How is absinthe made?

A

Distillation & addition of lots of flavours

50
Q

What is the difference between bitters and absinthe?

A

Alcohol strength - absinthe is much stronger

51
Q

T/F

Bitters has been considered medicinal

A

True

52
Q

T/F

The French drank more absinthe than wine in 1910

A

True

53
Q

T/F

Absinthe can be used to prevent malaria

A

False - but it was used this way in the 1840s

54
Q

T/F

Absinthe had little effect on French culture

A

False - many of the 19th and 20th century artists drank absinthe

55
Q 
What was absinthe associated with?
A) Violent crimes
B) Bohemian lifestyle
C) Social disorder
D) Art
A

All of the above

56
Q 
Which was not an active ingredient in absinthe?
A) Thujone
B) Absinthin
C) Absinthiole 
D) All were active ingredients
A

C

57
Q

Absinthe abuse led to epilepsy, sleeplessness, hallucinations. This disorder was called:

A

Absinthism - this was just alcoholism

58
Q

How does absinthe help the digestive system?

A

Stimulates bile secretion with absinthin

59
Q

What is the highest Thujone content allowed in Canada?

A

15mg/kg

60
Q 
Red wine polyphenols have which of the following effects:
A) Anticancer
B) Anti-inflammatory 
C) Lowers blood sugar
D) All of the above 
E) None of the above
A

D

61
Q 
Alcohol can lead to which of these problems:
A) A good time
B) Alcoholism
C) Liver cancer
D) Accidental dog adoption
E) Pancreatitis
F) CNS & PNS damage
A

B, C, E, F

62
Q

How many people does alcohol kill annually?

A

3 million

63
Q 
What percentage of deaths are related to alcohol?
A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 5% 
E) 3%
A

D

64
Q

T/F

Female deaths are more associated with alcohol than male

A

False - 6.2% of male deaths and 1.1% of female deaths

65
Q

What is the amount of alcohol in a standard drink?

A

13.6g

Plants & People (18 decks)

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