Alcohol Flashcards
When was alcoholic fermentation discovered?
1810
What is alcoholic fermentation used for? A) Rising bread dough B) Alcohol production C) Ethanol fuel production D) All of the above
D
What type of organism performs anaerobic alcoholic fermentation?
Fungi - Yeast
T/F
Wild animals get drunk
True
The first culture to make wine/cider was ____ using ___
China, wild grapes
T/F
Only grapes can be fermented to make wine
False - but usually it’s called cider instead
Where were grapes domesticated?
Transcaucasia & W. Mediterranean
The earliest wine makers were:
The Greeks (6500 years ago)
Who was Dionysus/Bacchus?
Greek/Roman god of wine, madness, ecstasy, intoxication
How did wine come to the Americas?
Spanish missions planted grapes called Mission grape
Where are sugars stored in grape fruit?
Within the pulp
Where are pigments stored in grape fruit?
In the epicarp (skin)
What characteristic determines the time of harvest? A) Sugar content B) Height of vines C) Colour of skin D) Acid content E) A and D
E (15-25%, 1%)
Why are grapes crushed?
To break skin and liberate the juice
What is the difference in processing between red and white wine?
Red is macerated with skins on and left throughout fermentation. White wine grapes have the skin removed (by pressing) before fermentation
What temperature is red wine fermented at?
25-30
What temperature is white wine fermented at?
10-15
Which gas is added to grape juice during fermentation to prevent unwanted microbial growth? A) SO2 B) O2 C) CO2 D) N2
A
When does fermentation end?
When all of the sugar is used (for dry wine) or can be interrupted early for a sweet wine
What is the maximum alcohol concentration through fermentation? A) 30-40% B) 12-15% C) 4-8% D) 21-27%
B
What is the method of stabilizing wine?
Pasteurization &/or scorbic acid
During malolactic fermentation (in aging) \_\_\_\_\_ is metabolized and \_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_ are produced A) Carbon Dioxide B) Oxygen C) Malic Acid D) Lactic Acid
C, D, A
What is the danger of wine aging with oxygen present?
Acetic fermentation –> vinegar
How do you make champagne?
2nd fermentation
What is a fortified wine?
Wine with additional ethanol
How old is beer?
6000 years
T/F
Beer was invented by the Egyptians
False - also Inca, Chinese, Hebrews, & Sumerians
T/F
Beer can be made from any grain
True - it just needs starch really
Which is older?
A) Beer
B) Leavened Bread
A
What is the purpose of Malting?
Hydrolysis of sugars from cereal grains
What is the difference between a light and dark beer?
Light beer is roasted at lower temperature for less time, dark beer caramelizes the sugars by roasting the grains at higher temperatures for longer
What is the end product of mashing roasted malt, milled grains, and water?
Wort
Which is not a use of Hops? A) Brewing beer B) Distilling vodka C) Preservative D) Perfume/flavouring E) Food
B
T/F
All beer uses the same yeast to ferment
False - Lager yeast settles to the bottom (and cold fermentation)
Ale yeast floats (and warm fermentation)
How long does it take to age a green beer?
3 weeks
T/F
Beer is only fermented once
False - secondary fermentation gives carbonation
T/F
Draft vs. bottled use different processing
True - Draft = cold-filtering
Bottled = pasteurization
T/F
Sake is a form of wine
False - it is actually beer
Sake is made of ____ grains and fermented by ____
Rice, Aspergillus oryzae
How do you separate the alcohol from beer/wine?
Distillation
Which types of spirits are made using a pot still? A) Wine B) Brandy C) Vodka D) Whisky E) Cognac
B, D, E
T/F
Batch distillation is more complex than fractional
False - continuous stills are more complex to use
Which spirits are unaged? A) Brandy B) Whiskey C) Gin D) Vodka
C, D
What are gin and vodka made from?
Sugar cane, potatoes
Which is not an aged spirit? A) Bourbon B) Tequila C) Whiskey D) Brandy
B
What plant is Tequila made of?
Blue agave
What part of the agave plant is used for tequila?
The sap of the “pineapple” - fermented & distilled
What is the difference between gold and silver tequila? A) There is no difference B) Silver tequila is aged, gold is not C) Food colouring in gold D) Gold tequila is aged, silver is not
D
How is absinthe made?
Distillation & addition of lots of flavours
What is the difference between bitters and absinthe?
Alcohol strength - absinthe is much stronger
T/F
Bitters has been considered medicinal
True
T/F
The French drank more absinthe than wine in 1910
True
T/F
Absinthe can be used to prevent malaria
False - but it was used this way in the 1840s
T/F
Absinthe had little effect on French culture
False - many of the 19th and 20th century artists drank absinthe
What was absinthe associated with? A) Violent crimes B) Bohemian lifestyle C) Social disorder D) Art
All of the above
Which was not an active ingredient in absinthe? A) Thujone B) Absinthin C) Absinthiole D) All were active ingredients
C
Absinthe abuse led to epilepsy, sleeplessness, hallucinations. This disorder was called:
Absinthism - this was just alcoholism
How does absinthe help the digestive system?
Stimulates bile secretion with absinthin
What is the highest Thujone content allowed in Canada?
15mg/kg
Red wine polyphenols have which of the following effects: A) Anticancer B) Anti-inflammatory C) Lowers blood sugar D) All of the above E) None of the above
D
Alcohol can lead to which of these problems: A) A good time B) Alcoholism C) Liver cancer D) Accidental dog adoption E) Pancreatitis F) CNS & PNS damage
B, C, E, F
How many people does alcohol kill annually?
3 million
What percentage of deaths are related to alcohol? A) 1% B) 10% C) 25% D) 5% E) 3%
D
T/F
Female deaths are more associated with alcohol than male
False - 6.2% of male deaths and 1.1% of female deaths
What is the amount of alcohol in a standard drink?
13.6g
