AKI

Question 1

what medications should be avoided in AKI/ARF

Answer 1

NSAIDS/ACEI

Question 2

what is the MC cause of AKI?

Answer 2

pre-renal azotemia

Question 3

abnormally high serum levels of nitrogenous substances?

Answer 3

azotemia

Question 4

prolonged azotemia leads to?

Answer 4

uremic syndrome

Question 5

what are the causes of pre-renal azotemia?

Answer 5

decreased intravascular volume, change in vascular resistance, low cardiac output

Question 6

prerenal azotemia dehydation occurs how?

Answer 6

renal or extrarenal losses: diarrhea, vomiting, excess diuretics, dizziness

Question 7

how does someone appear w/ prerenal ARF?

Answer 7

decreased skin turgor, collapsed neck veins, dry mucous, orthostatic BP, diarrhea, vomiting, excess diuresis

Question 8

what are the labs for prerenal ARF?

Answer 8

• BUN:creatinine >20:1
• FEna <1%
• hyaline casts

Question 9

what is treatment for prerenal ARF?

Answer 9

admit, euvolemia, attention to electrolytes

Question 10

acute tubular necrosis main causes?

Answer 10

ischemia, nephrotoxin exposure

Question 11

labs for acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 11

muddy brown granular casts, renal tubular epthelial cell casts, BUN:Creatinine <20:1, increased FEna >1-2%

Question 12

treatment for acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 12

admit to icu

Question 13

what is the MC reason for mortality in acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 13

infection

Question 14

what is the clinical course of acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 14

1. initial injury
2. maintenance phase: 1-3 weeks w/ cellular debris
3. recovery phase: heralded by diuresis

Question 15

what are the symptoms of intrinsic acute interstitial nephritis?

Answer 15

fever, transient maculopapular rash, arthralgia, acute renal insufficiency

Question 16

labs for AIN?

Answer 16

eosinophils w/ WBC casts

Question 17

causes of AIN?

Answer 17

PPI, NSAIDs, penicillins, sulfa drugs

Question 18

treatment for AIN?

Answer 18

nephrology, short course steroids for prolonged renal failure

Question 19

what is the least common cause of AKI?

Answer 19

post renal

Question 20

what is the MC cause of post renal in men?

Answer 20

BPH

Question 21

symptoms of post renal AKI?

Answer 21

anuria and abdominal pain

Question 22

labs for post renal?

Answer 22

BUN: creatinine >20:1, FEna intially <1%

Question 23

treatment for postrenal azotemia?

Answer 23

admit and immediately remove the obstuction