Air Concept Flashcards by Nicola Mancino

How many deaths are caused by air pollution annually?

50,000 in US

7 million worldwide (1 in 8)

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How much air do we breathe per day?

15,000 liters

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What are the 6 major air pollutants?

SPLONCO
Sulfur 
Particultates (PM10 and PM 2.5)
Lead 
Ozone
Nitrogen 
Carbon Monoxide (CO)

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01 - Air Quality, part 1, VOCs: what are the levels for Formaldehyde and total VOCs?

Formaldehyde is 27 ppb

VOCs less than 500 ug/m3

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01-part 2, particulates and inorganics: what are the 4 types and limits?

OCoP
Ozone 51 ppb
Carbon monoxoide  9 ppm
Fine Particles (PM 2.5)  15m
Coarse Particles (PM 10)  50m

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01-Part3, Radon: where is it measured and what’s the threshold?

4 pCi/L at lowest occupied level of building

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02-Smoking Ban: How much does smoking shorten life expectancy?

10 years

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02-Smoking Ban: how many ingredients are in a cigarette and how many are toxic?

600 ingredients
7,000 compounds
69 are known carcinogens

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02-Smoking Ban, part 2: Outdoor Ban: How large is the area in which smoking is banned?

Full Ban Within 25ft
entrances, all decks patios balconies
signage about smoking hazards along all walkways beyond 25ft with signs every 100’

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03 Ventilation effectiveness: which regulation sets standards for adequate ventilation?

ASHRAE 62.1.2013

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03 Ventilation effectiveness: Projects demonstrate that ambient air quality within 1 mi is compliant with what?

EPA’s NAAQs for 95% of all hours in previous year

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03 Ventilation effectiveness: Demand Controlled Ventilation system is used to keep CO2 levels below ___ppm, when the space is ___ or larger and occupancy is more than ___ people per _____ SF

CO2 = 800 ppm
space = 500 SF or larger
occupancy = 25 people per 1,000 SF

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03 Ventilation effectiveness - part 3 System Balancing: When does HVAC system get tested and balanced?
What is the documentation required? (2)

Before occupancy

LOA Engineer; Commissioning Report

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04 VOC Reduction - part 1 interior paints: need to meet one of which 3 requirements/standards?

100% of CARB or SCAQMD
90% by volume of CDPH
ASTM standards

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What’s ASTM

American Society of Testing & Materials, 12,000 standards

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04 VOC Reduction - part 2 Adhesives and Sealants:

need to meet one of which 3 requirements?

100% SCAQMD
90% by volume of CDPH
ASTM standards

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04 VOC Reduction - part 3 & 4 - flooring and insulation: both must meet what standard?

100% by volume of CDPH

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04 VOC Reduction - part 5 - Furniture must meet what standard?

95% by cost ANSI/BIFMA or CDPH

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05 Air Filtration, Part 1 - Filter Accomodation: What two things must recirculated air systems be able to accomodate?

space and capacity for future carbon filters

system can accommodate additional filters

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05 Air Filtration, Part 2 - Particle Filtration:

What size MERV filter is used for outdoor air?

MERV 13 or higher

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Ambient outdoor PM10 and PM 2.5 levels measured ____ distance from building are measured below WELL standards for ____how long

1 mile

95% of all hours throughout demonstration

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How often do projects need to provide IWBI with air filtration maintenance records?

annually

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06 Microbe and Mold Control: What device is used, where?

What should be inspected and how often?

UVGI - on cooling coils and drain pans

ceilings, walls and floors for discoloration, visible mold, water damage, pooling - quarterly

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07 Construction Pollution, Part 1, Duct protection during construction? (2)

ducts sealed during construction

vacuumed out prior to installing grills

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07 Construction Pollution, Part 2 - Filter Replacement | When are they replaced?

Prior to occupancy

What 3 techniques are used to reduce/contain/remove dust during construction?

seal doors and windows with temporary barriers walk-off matts tools have dust guards/collectors

08 Healthy Entrance - Part 1 walk off mats: Size?

width of entrance and 10ft long

09 Cleaning Protocol (for air quality): Part 1 Cleaning Plan - Which 5 elements must be in the plan?

``` WELL Appendix--Equipment and Training List of approved product seals List of high-touch and schedule Cleaning schedule Cleaning logs ```

10- Pesticide Management: a Plan of use must be based on _______ and products used must have a hazard tier ranking of ____.

``` San Francisco Environment Code IPM Program Tier 3 (lowest) ```

Atrazine

pesticide endocrine disruptor cardiovascular problems

Glyphosate

herbicide RoundUp Kidney problems Reproductive difficulties

11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P1 Asbestos and Lead Restriction - What are the limits?

No asbestos 100 ppm lead in building materials 0.25% wetted plumbing surfaces

11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P2 Lead Abatement: lead evaluation is conducted following what guidelines? (3)

test for lead-hazards in paint, soil and dust adheres to EPA standards lead EPA standard supersedes all other protocols

11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P3 Asbestos Abatement: Requirements for buildings? (3)

inspect every 3 years establish an asbestos management plan conduct a post-asbestos clearance

11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P4 PCB abatement; | when, remove what, according to which standard?

buildings between 1950 and banning laws - PCB containing fluorescent light balasts EPA Steps to Safe PCB

11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P5 Mercury Limitation - which products should be avoided? (4)

thermometers switches electrical relays mercury lamps

12 - Moisture Management - What are the 4 ways moisture can enter?

bulk water capillary water air transported moisture vapor diffusion

Designers must describe how exterior liquid is addressed for which 4 areas of concern -

1. Site Drainage 2. Local Water Table 3. Building Penetrations 4. Porous exterior materials

Designers must describe how interior liquid is managed for these 4 areas of concern:

1. plumbing leaks 2. hard-piped appliances (clothes washers etc.) 3. Porous interior materials 4. New building materials wetted during construction

Areas of concern for condensation management (4)

high humidity in rooms like bathrooms air leakage that could lead to moisture cooler surfaces oversized AC

Areas of concern for Material Selection and Protection (5)

``` exposed entryways and glazing porous cladding material finished floors interior sheathing storing of absorptive materials during construction ```

Feature 13 - Air Flush: Once construction is complete, a flush is conducted with indoor air temp of at least ___ degrees and humidity _____

59 degrees | below 60%

A single stage Air Flush Volume should have a volume of:

4,500 m3 outdoor air per m3 of floor area

A 2-stage air flush can be done - with a pre-occupancy volume of ____ followed by ____ after occupancy

1,066 m3/m2 floor | 3,200 m3/m2

Feature 14 - Air Infiltration Management: Air Leakage testing (Envelope Commissioning) is performed _____(when), according to _____(what) and what_____?

After substantial completion but Before occupancy, | according to ASHRAE 0-2005 and NIBS 3-2012.

Feature 15 - Increased Ventilation: Buildings must supply fresh air ___% than ASHRAE?

30% higher

16 - Humidity Control: Ventilation must maintain humidity between ___ and ___ for what period of time

30% to 50% | for 95% of all business hours

An increase in Humidity by ___% can lead to formaldehyde off-gassing by ___.

35% | factor of 1.8-2.6

17 - Direct Source Ventilation: a) which rooms need to be separated (3) b) what are the potential contaminants (3) c) what methods of separation can be used

a) cleaning and chemical storage units, bathrooms, printer/copier rooms b) VOCs, Ozone, mold and mildew c) self-closing doors, exhausting air; not recirculated

18 - Air Quality Monitoring: Indoor a) which pollutants are measured (3) b) how often is data collected, c) who is data sent to, and d) how often is it transmitted?

COP: carbon dioxide, ozone, particle count once an hour IWBI and occupants annually

18 - Air Quality Monitoring part 2, records: | how long are records kept?

min of 3 years

Which 3 parameters need to be displayed on the air quality display? How large is the screen?

1. temperature 2. humidity 3. Carbon dioxode 15 cm x 13 cm

19 - Operable Windows: what needs to be analyzed before integrating these into a design? (2)

prevailing breeze patterns | average contaminant levels

19 - Operable Windows, Part 2: outdoor levels of what 4 parameters are measured, and where

``` ozone PM10 temp humidity within 1 mile ```

19, part 3 - Window Operation management: open windows discouraged when poor air quality exists and should be indicated on smartphones and indicator lights if (3):

a) Ozone 51 ppb or PM10 over 50 ug/m3 b) temp differential with outside is 15 degrees +/- c) humidity over 60%

20 - Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS) - should be verified by (2)

complies with local standards | design review by mechanical engineer

21 - Displacement Ventilation: is met by (2)

air supply temp slightly cooler or warmer than desired temp | Underfloor Air Distribution

22 - Pest Control: all food is stored (where) ___ and all indoor trash cans have a lid and less than 30 gal have ______

in sealed containers | hands-free operation, or under cabinetry in a pull-out drawer

23- Advanced Air Purification: Part 1: ____ filtration is used to reduce VOCs and ozone

activated carbon

In spaces with more than ____ occupants, ____ (2) is used to sanitize recirculated air.

10 regular occupants | UVGI or Photocatalytic oxidation

24 - Combustion minimization, Part 3: What should be visible from pick-up/drop off parking areas:

No Idling over 30 seconds

25 - Toxic Material Reduction, Part 1 - PFCs: No PFCs are present under this condition: (amount and %)

levels greater than 100 ppm that constitute 5% of weight in furnishings

25 - part 2 - Flame Retardants: Where are they found (5) and what's the limit?

``` 100 ppm; found in - window and waterproof membranes flooring, ceiling tiles, wallpaper piping and electrical cables insulation upholstered furniture, textiles, fabrics ```

Phthalate/Plasticizers/PVCs - Where are they found (3) and what's the limit?

100 ppm flooring window blinds, vinyl shower curtains, plumbing pipes

25 - Toxic Material Reduction, Part 5 - Urea Formaldehyde: Where are they found (3) and what's the limit?

100 ppm; furniture/composite wood laminating adhesives Thermal Insulation

26 - Enhanced Material Safety - project completes all imperatives of the Materials Petal in Living Building Challenge; or products are ___% by ____ certified (3 orgs)

25% by cost are Declare Label Cradle to Cradle have no Green Screen Benchmark over 1,000 ppm

27 - Antimicrobial Activity for Surfaces; High touch surfaces are (2):

coated with abrasion-resistant, non-leaching approved material cleaned with UV cleaning device

28 - Cleanable Environment - High-touch and non-porous surfaces must (3):

smooth and free of defects to the naked eye smooth welds and joints free of sharp angles, corners and crevices

29 - Cleaning Equipment: Equipment must meet the following (3)

mops and rags should be microfiber Denier 1.0 HEPA filters for vacuum mops not wrung by hand

Poor ventilation can expose humans to: (3)

VOCs Microbial Pathogens Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

VOCs include (2):

benzene | formaldehyde

VOCs can be ____ times higher inside than outside

VOC required documentation (2)

LOA Architect | LOA Contractor

Carbon filters treat

VOCs, large PMs

Media filters treat

small PMs

Air filtration required documentation (3)

LEOS LOA Engineer Operating Schedule Spot Check

Construction Pollution Management required documentation (1)

LOA Contractor

Entryway Air Seal. Three ways to do this:

vestibule with 2 normal doorways revolving doors 3 normal doors with a separator

Air Filtration Management required document (1)

annotated documents: commissioning report

Displacement Ventilation system performance requirements (2)

Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis | meets ASHRAE 55

24 - Combustion Minimization: What appliances are forbidden (5)?

``` combustion-based fireplaces stoves space-heaters ranges ovens ```

24 - Combustion Minimization: combustion equipment that must meet CSCAQM rules for pollution (6)?

``` internal combustion engines furnaces boilers steam generators process heaters water heaters ```

24 - Combustion Minimization: construction equipment must meet the following requirements (3)

non-road diesel vehicles comply with EPA or local standards on-road diesel vehicles comply with EPA or local standards loading area located away for air intakes and building openings non-road diesel vehicles comply with EPA or local standards

Carbon monoxide has ____ times the binding affinity for ____ compared to _____.

210 hemoglobin oxygen

Hypoxia

lack of oxygen delivered to tissues | causes nausea, loss of consciousness and death

28 - Cleanable Environment: 3 conditions must be met:

no permanent carpet able to move items on high-touch surfaces right angles are sealed

29 - Cleaning Equipment: All cleaning storage meets the following (2):

bleach and ammonia products are kept in separate bins | bleach and ammonia products are clearly labeled