aims, hypothesis and variables

Question 1

what are aims

Answer 1

• general statements that describes the purpose of an investigation, and a plan of what a researcher wants to investigate

Question 2

what are hypothesis

Answer 2

• its a statement that is made at the start of a study and clearly state the relationship between the variables as stated by the theory

Question 3

what are the 3 different types of hypothesis

Answer 3

• one tailed, two tailed and null hypothesis

Question 4

what are one tailed hypothesis

Answer 4

• also known as directional hypothesis
• only has one possible true outcome

Question 5

what are 2 tailed hypothesis

Answer 5

• known as non-directional
• has two possible outcomes

Question 6

what are null hypothesis

Answer 6

• known as H0
• tells us that the independent variable will not have the predicted effect on the dependent variable
• states that there will be no difference between conditions

Question 7

what are alternative hypothesis

Answer 7

state that there is a relationship between the two variables being studied

Question 8

what is an independent variable

Answer 8

variables that are manipulated of changed

Question 8

what is a dependent variable

Answer 8

variables that are being tested and measured

Question 9

what is operationalizing

Answer 9

how we define and measure a specific variable as it is being used in a study

Question 10

what are extraneous variables

Answer 10

variables that are often being investigated but may affect the outcome of the research

Question 11

what are participant variables

Answer 11

variables that are connected

Question 12

what are situational variables

Answer 12

variables that are being connected with the research situation

Question 13

what is random allocation

Answer 13

participants being randomly allocated to groups to reduce participant variables

Question 14

what is counterbalancing

Answer 14

used to combat the problems of order effects in repeated measures design

Question 15

how is counterbalancing used in a repeated measures design

Answer 15

researchers split the sample into two groups,
one group done one condition in one order and the second group does the other condition in reverse order

Question 15

what is randomisation

Answer 15

when all aspects of the research is dictated by chance not by the researcher

Question 15

what is standardisation

Answer 15

a process in which all situational variables of a procedure used in a research to be kept the same

Question 16

what is a strength for standardisation

Answer 16

enables research to be replicated

Question 17

what is demand characteristics

Answer 17

it occurs when participants try to make sense of the research

Question 18

how might participants support or disrupt the research within demand characteristics

Answer 18

the change in behaviour within the participants

Question 19

how are demand characteristics controlled

Answer 19

• by using a single blind measures
• participants are unaware of the IV or the condition that they are taking part in

Question 20

what are investigator effects

Answer 20

a researcher acts in a way to support their predictions

Question 21

what parts of an investigator effects the participants behaviour

Answer 21

age, gender and attractiveness

Question 22

how are investigator effects controlled

Answer 22

- by using a double blind procedure - neither the participants nor researcher knows the identify of the IV or experimental groups

Question 23

what are single blind procedures

Answer 23

any information that might create expectations is not revealed until the end of the study to control for confounding effects of demand characteristics

Question 24

what are double blind procedures

Answer 24

when neither the participant nor the researcher who conducted the study is aware of the aims of the investigation