AIDS/HIV Flashcards
They are two infamous names surrounding the study of immunology
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
It is a retrovirus that attacks cells of the immune system, leading to a loss of immune function and often the development of AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
It is a DISEASE state caused by infection with HIV, leading to a progressive deterioriation of the immune system and characterized by development of a large number of OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
T or F
AIDS causes the disease that attacks the immune system
False
HIV causes the disease
T or F
HIV is a condition caused by the development of the virus
False
AIDS is the condition
It is the causative agent of AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
What is the enzyme that the virus possesses which allows it to integrate its genome into the host cell’s DNA
reverse transcriptase
What are the specific glycoproteins found in the membrane envelope that helps in facilitating the binding and absorption of CD4+ T-lymphocytes
gp41 and gp120
As HIV begins to infect its host, where does it binds?
it binds to the receptors found on the SURFACE of the cell.
where does the catalyzation of the viral DNA takes place?
from the original DNA of the host cell by the viral RNA
what is the enzyme that helps in the budding of the new virus particles that contains the viral RNA and viral proteins
protease
what are the 2 types of HIV?
HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2)
This type of HIV is found throughout the world
HIV-1
this type of HIV is most common in WEST AFRICAN countries, and is less likely to spread due to LOWER virus levels in people that are infected
HIV-2
risk factors & mode of transmission of HIV are not limited to only _______________, _____________, and _______________.
sexual contact, parenteral, transplacental transmission
_____________ occurs mainly in sexually active individuals that participate in sexual intercourse, especially those that are not in a ____________ relationship.
Sexual transmission; monogamous
Body fluids such as __________, __________, ___________, and ______________ can transmit the virus through condomless anal or vaginal sex.
semen, pre-ejaculate, rectal fluids, and vaginal fluids
It occurs primarily via the blood through contaminated needles that are injected on the skin
Parenteral transmission
These (4) are processes that can transmit the virus directly into the host’s bloodstream.
Blood transfusion, tattooing, ear piercing, and injection
this occurs between a mother and her baby
Transplacental transmission
this accounts for most childhood HIV infections and may occur during second and third trimesters of pregnancy, labor and delivery, or breastfeeding
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT)
HIV cannot be transmitted via ______________ with an infected person
physical contact
These (2) type of transmission also do not spread the virus
airborne and droplet transmission
what is the incubation period of HIV where the patient is ASYMPTOMATIC
less than a year to about 10 years
what is Stage 1 of HIV
Acute HIV Infection
What is stage 2 of HIV
Chronic HIV Infection
What is stage 3 of HIV
AIDS
what symptoms will people generally experience as part of the body’s natural response to the infection
flu-like symptoms
what symptoms will the person experience within two to four weeks if he has infection
fever, chills, rash, night sweats, muscle achaes, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, mouth ulcers
as virus progresses to stage 2, it enters ____________ stage as the infection becomes CHRONIC
clinical latency stage
T or F
The virus multiplies inside the host at a fast rate, hence, the host feels the symptoms
False
The virus multiplies at a SLOWER rate, hence, host feels NO symptoms and is ASYMPTOMATIC
this stage is where HIV progresses to AIDS as the virus continues to weaken the host’s immune system
Late Stage of HIV Infection (Stage 3)
