Aggression- prison aggression

Question 1

What did Irwin and Cressy come up with?

Answer 1

The importtation model

Question 2

What is the importation model?

Answer 2

Prisoners import their aggressive tendencies into prison with them- which explains why the violence rate is so high

Question 3

What sources do aggressive characteristics come from? What do these explain?

Answer 3

-Genetics
-Hormones
-Background

-Prison aggression is no different to how offenders act in their home environment

Question 4

Name a factor that can exacerbate aggressive behaviour both inside and outside of prison

Answer 4

Drug dependency/addiction

Question 5

Why are young offenders institutions the most aggressive age group?

Answer 5

Gang cultures

Question 6

Give some features of a criminal/thief subculture

Answer 6

-Advocates a criminal “code of honour” (not telling on other inmates’ misdemeanours)
-Promotes honour, trust and loyalty as its key values
-Members include hardened criminals, repeat offenders
-Aggression within the group but not as dominant as other subcultures

Question 7

Give some features of the conflict subculture

Answer 7

-Strong power heirarchy
-Most likely to become aggresive as this is deemed neccascary to excercise power over other inmates
-Prisoners who join this group are often depreived areas outside of prison and are familiar with gang culture

Question 8

Give some features of the conventional/straight subculture

Answer 8

-New to prison, likely to be one time offenders
-Keep clear of other subcultures
-Not generally aggressive
-Have more in common with prison guards

Question 9

What do allender + Marcell argue?

Answer 9

Gang members disproportionally engage in acts of prison violence

Question 10

What explanation is the importation model?

Answer 10

The importation model

Question 11

Give an evaluation point for the dispositional explanation

Answer 11

-Support for the importation model originated from gang culture
-They studied the prison records of 831 US male inmates, assessing the relationship between prison violence and membership of street and prison gangs
-Found a significant relationship between gang membership values imported by gang members
-Further supported by the prison inspectors’ report of violence in Feltham young offenders institution
-They witnessed gang graffiti throughout inmates’ cells suggesting few immigrants were not gang members

Question 12

Give an evaluation point for the dispositional explanation

Answer 12

-However, the influence of gang culture does not explain aggression in adult prisons as well
-Poole + regolis (1983) study found that pre institutional violence is the best indicator of inmate agggression in juvinelie correctional instutions
-These findings were not found in adult prisons + other studys and therefore cant be generealised to explain agggression
-

Question 13

What is the situational explanation?

Answer 13

-The deprivation model

Question 14

Explain the deprivation model.

Answer 14

-Clemmer
-Places the cause of institutional aggression within the prison environment itself
-Harsh prison conditions are stressful for inmates who have to cope by resorting to aggression and often violent behaviour

Question 15

What are the 5 deprivations?

Answer 15

-Deprivation of liberty
-Deprivation of autonomy
-Deprivation of goods and services
-Deprivation of heterosexual relationships
-Deprivation of security

Question 16

Describe deprivation of liberty

Answer 16

-Seen as the purpose of prison by some
The purpose of the sentence is that they are no longer allowed to go where/when they please
-Sykes argued that this reinforces the feeling of rejection from society so offenders become more likely to be antagonistic + aggressive