Ageing Flashcards

1
Q

define ageing

A

Progressive, generalised impairment of function resulting in a loss of adaptive response to disease

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2
Q

what is the Hayflick limit

A

with each cycle of cell replication, the telomere on the end of the chromosome shortens until eventually it is too short to replicate

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3
Q

what does a telomere consist of

A

multiple repeats of TTAGGG sequence

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4
Q

what can be used as a marker of biological age

A

telomere length

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5
Q

what substance can re extend the shortened telomeres, and in which cells is it active

A

telomerase, in cells that need to divide many times

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6
Q

what is the disposable soma hypothesis and what does it say about ageing

A
  • body budgets the amount of energy and resources it uses - must find a balance between soma maintenance and reproduction
  • ageing occurs due to an accumulation of damage over life time and multiple defensive/repair mechanisms contribute to ageing
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7
Q

what is antagonistic pleiotropy

A

a gene is beneficial to an organisms fitness early in life byt causes functional decline and ageing phenotypes later in life

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8
Q

who makes up the frailty group

A

older people who are at higher risk of adverse outcomes

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9
Q

what are the 2 ways to measure frailty

A

deficit accumulation and phenotype model

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10
Q

what is the deficit accumulation for frailty

A
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11
Q

what 5 things does the Fried score 1 point for

A

unintentional weight loss

low grip strength

self reported exhaustion

low physical activity levels

slow walking speed

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12
Q

what are the adverse things assoicated with multi morbidity

A
  • High rates of adverse events, poorer QOL, greater healthcare use, institutionalization, disability and death
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13
Q

does being part of a social network increase survival trends in those over 75

A

yes

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14
Q

what effect does calorie restriction have on life span

A

may have positive effects on life span, to do with protection from oxidative stress (free radical theory of ageing)

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15
Q

does calorie restriction have a role in postponing malignancy onset

A

maybe yes

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16
Q

what is the main cause of disability

A

cariovascular disease

17
Q

what are the benefits of CGA

A

improve cognition and function, reduce mortality, subsequent hospital admission and need for nursing home care

18
Q

how does presentation of MI differ in old people

A

1/3 dont have chest pain, more likely to collapse with dizziness and breathlessness

delirium complicates matters

19
Q

tricyclics adn dementia

A

STOPP likely to worsen cognitive impairement

20
Q
A