Age Of Exploration + Conquest

Question 1

Problems with sea travel

Answer 1

Bad navigation
Fear of falling of the edge of the earth + monsters

Question 2

Reasons to explore

Answer 2

Influence of the Renaissance
Stories of Marco Polo
New trade routes
Fall of Constantinople
Desire for Empire
Spreading Christianity

Question 3

Advances in exploration

Answer 3

New maps
New equipment: quadrant + astrolabe (determines latitude). compass, log + line (measures speed)
New ships: the caravel

Question 4

Life onboard ship

Answer 4

Captain had his own cabin, crew slept on deck
Constant hard work
Frequent mutinies + harsh discipline
Salty foods
Bad health - typhoid + scurvy

Question 5

Portuguese voyages of exploration

Answer 5

Drove out Muslims + attacked Muslim states
Henry the navigator established a school of navigation at Sagres
1487 Bartholomew Dias rounded the south of Africa
1497 da Gama sailed from Kenya to India

Question 6

Results of the Portuguese voyages

Answer 6

Portugal was wealthy
Portugal established an empire in Africa + Asia
Portugal had control of the spice trade
Inspired other countries to do the same

Question 7

Early life of Columbus

Answer 7

Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy 1451. He sailed on merchant ships + got shipwrecked in Portugal, studying at the Sagres Navigation School

Question 8

Columbus - preparing for voyage

Answer 8

Columbus was sponsored by King Ferdinand + Queen Isabella of Spain + was given 3 ships

Question 9

Voyage of Columbus

Answer 9

The fleet left 3/8/1492. They went across the Atlantic. Columbus kept a fake logbook. On 12/10/1492, Columbus reached El Salvador, calling the people Indians
Columbus pillaged + set up a slave trade. Colonisation began. Columbus abused, enslaved, tortured + killed many natives

Question 10

Fall of the Incas

Answer 10

Francisco Pizarro worked as a soldier on missions to explore central America. He gained a reputation fir barbarism
He heard how rich the Incas were + was given commission to conquer them by King Charles V of Spain in 1528. He invaded the Incas in 1532
Pizarro met with the Incan king Atahualpa in Cajamarca. To get an excuse Pizarro got a priest to offer Atahualpa a bible. When Atahualpa threw it aside, Pizarro attacked. They won + captured Atahualpa
Pizarro took treasure in exchange for Atahualpa’s life, but killed him anyway. This threw the Incas into chaos + Pizarro defeated them at Cusco

Question 11

Impact of Colonisation on South Americans

Answer 11

Major native civilisations fell to Spanish conquistadors
Native culture destroyed
Native population decimated by violence + European diseases
Christianity spread
Slave triangle established: slaves from Africa to the Americas, raw materials from America to Europe, manufactured goods to Africa

Question 12

Impact of European conquest on Europe

Answer 12

Empires founded by Spain, Portugal, France, Britain + the Netherlands
Conflicts became more frequent as they fought over wealth
Many new goods from the Americas reached Europe