After Quiz 8 Flashcards
Zygomycota
- how their haploid sexual spores are produced and enclosed
- sexual reproduction
– diploid zygotes are enclosed in a thick wall, then undergo meiosis to produce a sporangium and haploid spores
Ascomycota
- how their haploid sexual spores are produced and enclosed
- sexual reproduction
– haploid sexual spores form inside a sac called an ascus, the ascus breaks and spores release
Basidiomycota
- how their haploid sexual spores are produced and enclosed
Sexual spores called basidiospores form externally at the end of a pedestal called a basidium
Know the major classes of diseases caused by fungi. I won’t ask you about any one specific disease, but you need to know the general types
Skin infections, yeast infections, opportunistic infections, and allergies
Algae
- Know their basic properties (how do they get energy, what is their relationship to food chains, are they unicellular or multicellular, etc.)
- algae are photoautotrophs, using light energy to convert CO2 and H20 into organic compounds (glucose) and O2
- major part of aquatic food chains
- some are unicellular, some multicellular
Algae
- What does their cell structure look like (what unique things do they have in their cell walls)?
Cell walls composed of mainly cellulose, but may also contain pectin sugar or silicon dioxide
Microscopic algae – know how they are arranged (e.g. what is the difference between being unicellular and forming filaments), how do they move, what are examples
- unicellular algae and those that form filaments or colonies
- most have flagella for movement
- incl. diatoms, dinoflagellates
Macroscopic algae – Know their major parts and what they do (e.g. what is a stipe, blade, etc.
- incl. brown algae and most green and red algae
- have specialized structures:
– holdfast: helps anchor organism to a solid surface
– stipe: stalk-like structure that connects and serves as an attachment site for the blades
– blades: leaf-like structures that contain photosynthetic cells and reproductive structures
– bladder: contain gas, helps it to float and reach light
Understand why algae grow in different aquatic growth zones
Algae grow in different aquatic growth zones depending on what photosynthetic pigments they contain and what wavelength of light is needed to reach them
What are the two ways that algae reproduce asexually (know the mechanisms)?
Unicellular species go through mitosis and cytokinesis to produce two identical cells
Multicellular species reproduce via fragmentation, where a portion breaks off and forms a new thallus or filament
How do algae reproduce sexually?
Haploid cells fuse to form a zygote which undergoes meiosis and reforms haploid cells
New cells reform filament or thallus
Six types of algae
green, brown, red, water molds, diatoms, and dinoflagellates
Green algae
- What properties do they have?
- lots ofchlorophyll
- likely gave rise to land plants
- majority are microscopic
Brown algae
- What properties do they have?
- all macroscopic
- live in coastal areas, fast growing
- source of alginate, a thickening agent used in foods like ice cream
Red algae
- What properties do they have?
- most are branched multicellular organisms
- produce thickening agents like agar
Water molds
- What properties do they have?
- look and reproduce similar to fungi
- major cause of plant disease (ex. potato blight)
Diatoms
- What properties do they have?
- unicellular protists
- variety of shapes and sizes
- source of most oil on earth
Dinoflagellates
- What properties do they have?
- unicellular protists
- cellulose based cell wall and 2 flagella
- some are bioluminescent, others produce toxins
What two types of organisms make up a lichen symbiont and what roles do each play in keeping the lichen alive?
Symbiotic relationship b/t alga and fungus
- algae release glucose from photosynthesis to be used by the fungus
- fungus gives structural support
Know the structure of a typical lichen. What are the rhizines, medulla, and cortex?
Rhizomes: hyphae that project below and anchor to surface
Medulla: region where algae are wrapped by hyphae
Cortex: above and below the medulla, a protective covering of hyphae
What are some of the uses of lichens (by humans) and roles in nature?
- many used to make dyes
- eaten by animals
- useful in monitoring pollution : lichens take in air pollution, so the amount of pollution found in a lichen sample is indicative of the amount of overall pollution present in the air
