African Americans - in-depth studies Flashcards
What did Jim Crow do in the Gilded Age?
‘Separate but equal’ ideology, but this was not reality.
Legalised segregation in the south.
For example, transport, education and hospitals.
What did the Supreme Court do in the Gilded Age?
Plessy vs Ferguson 1896 established ‘separate but equal’
Wilkins vs Mississippi 1898 ruled anti-voting measures in the south were not unconstitutional.
What is voting in the Gilded Age?
African Americans had a legal right but were restricted in reality.
Anti-voting measures in the south - the Grandfather clause and literacy tests.
The number of African Americans in state federal legislatures declines.
What is the violence in the Gilded Age?
Lynchings and violence spreads intimidation and fear.
On average, 1 African American was killed every 2 days.
A decline in the KKK, but because there was no need for them to exist.
What areas of progress are there in the Gilded Age?
Establishment of black universities by B.T Washington.
Some African Americans are prospering from the economic growth.
KKK is declining but only because of legalised discrimination.
What are the key points for African Americans in the New Deal?
The number of unemployed African Americans remained high throughout the 30s.
They benefited from some policies but not the majority of them.
The New Deal gave federal support to African American culture which helped boost its status, and may have paved the way for post-war changes.
What are the key points of Roosevelt in the New Deal for African Americans?
Little was done to end segregation or improve civil rights.
Roosevelt didn’t support an anti-lynching bill.
Roosevelt was conscious of Southern democrats who opposed desegregation.
What is the Civil Conservation Corps?
Unemployed given work on conservation projects. They received clothing, food and $1 per day.
What is the impact of the CCC?
It stated they would not discriminate by race.
They provided jobs to many unemployed, including many African Americans.
But segregation still existed on the work projects.
The projects were only temporary.
What is the clearance of slum housing?
Large areas of poor housing were demolished and replaced with better buildings.
What is the impact of clearance of slum housing?
Disproportionately this benefitted African Americans because they tended to live in areas of poor housing.
What is the minimum wage?
A minimum wage of 25 cents an hour was established in certain industries.
What is the impact of the minimum wage?
It may have increased pay for some.
Approximately 500,000 African Americans lost their jobs following the introduction of this - detrimental.
Agricultural and domestic workers not included - many were AAs.
What are the tax increases of the New Deal?
Federal taxes were tripled between 1933 and 1940.
What is the impact of tax increases?
Some African Americans would have had to pay more in tax, however, the extra tax revenue return was spent on government projects which African Americans would have benefitted from.
