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Pathology and Medicine > Aetiology Pathogenesis > Flashcards

Aetiology Pathogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Aetiology ?

A

Cause of a disease

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2
Q

What is Pathogenesis?

A

Mechanisms causing the disease

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3
Q

What is Pathological and clinical manifestations

A

Structural and functional features, symptoms, signs

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4
Q

What is Complications

A

Secondary effect

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5
Q

What is Prognosis

A

Outcome of a disease

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6
Q

What is Epidemiology

A

The incidence, prevalence and population distribution of a disease

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7
Q

What does Genetic Aetiology disease mean

A
  • inherited
  • Acquired (during conception or embryogenesis, or during post-natal life)
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8
Q

What are examples of Environmental Aetiology disease

A
  • infectious agents: bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasite
  • Chemicals
  • Physical: radiation, mechanical trauma
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9
Q

What are the 3 types of Aetiology?

A
  • Genetic
  • Environmental
  • Multifactorial
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10
Q

What is Multifactorial aetiology?

A
  • Diseases due to a combination of causes
  • Proportionate risk of disease due to genetic or environmental factors
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11
Q

What is unknown aetiology classified as?

A
  • idiopathic, primary, essential, spontaneous, cryptogenic
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12
Q

What are risk factor (aetiology)

A
  • The aetiology of a disease is unknown, but the disease is observed in people with certain habits such as smoking, age, or occupations
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13
Q

What is pathogenesis of a disease?

A
  • The mechanism through which the aetiology (cause) operates to produce the pathological and clinical manifestations
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14
Q

Name 3 examples of Pathogensis

A
  • Inflammation
  • Degeneration
  • Carcinogenesis
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15
Q

What is inflammation

A
  • A RESPONSE to many micro-organisms and other harmful agents causing TISSUE INJURY
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16
Q

What is degeneration

A

A deterioration of cells or tissues in response to, or failure of adaptation to, a variety of agents

17
Q

What is Carcinogenesis

A

The mechanism by which cancer-causing agents result in the development of tumours

18
Q

What are symptoms?

A

What the patient suffers or patients complaints

19
Q

Name some common and specific symptoms

A

-common: pain, fever, nausea
- specific: diarrhoea or constipation, skin rash

20
Q

What are signs of diseases?

A
  • What the doctor is looking e.g. body temperature, blood pressure
21
Q

What is Syndrome?

A
  • An aggregate of signs and symptoms or a combination of lesions without which the disease cannot be recognised or diagnosed
22
Q

What are Lesions?

A
  • The structural or functional abnormality responsible for the ill health
  • e.g. Myocardial infraction, the infract or patch of dead heart muscle is the lesion
23
Q

What are complications?

A
  • The prolonged, secondary or distant effects of a disease
24
Q

What is Progenosis?

A
  • The anticipated outcome (forecasting the known or likely course) of a disease
25
Q

What is the purpose of Prognosis

A

To plan appropriate treatment and to give useful information to individual patients

26
Q

What influences the prognosis of a certain disease?

A

Influenced by medical or surgical intervention

27
Q

What is Epidemiology?

A
  • Disease or pathology of the populations
  • Determination of causes, incidence, mortality, characteristic behaviour of disease outbreaks affecting human populations
28
Q

What is the morbidity of a disease?

A
  • The disease state of an individual, or the incidence of illness in a population - The proportion of patients with a particular disease during a given year per given unit of population
29
Q

What is the Mortality of a disease?

A
  • The probability that death will be the end result of that disease
30
Q

How is mortality expressed?

A

Usually as a percentage of all the patients presenting with the disease

31
Q

What is Prevalence of a disease?

A

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time

32
Q

What is Prevalence different from morbidity?

A

refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time

33
Q

Explain the Aetiology, pathogenesis, disease (structural and functional damage) and complications of lung cancer

A
  • aetiology = smoking
  • Pathogenesis = genetic alteration (mutation)
  • Disease (structural and functional damage) = lung tumour
  • Complication = Metastases (secondary tumours)
34
Q

Explain the Aetiology, pathogenesis, disease (structural and functional damage) and complications of hypertension

A
  • Aetiology = unclear
  • Pathogenesis = Increased renin production from kidneys
  • Disease = High blood pressure
  • Complication = Cerebral haemorrhage
35
Q

What are the 3 concepts of Epidemiology?

A
  • Morbidity, mortality, prevalence

Pathology and Medicine (13 decks)

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