aerobic carbohydrate metabolism Flashcards
citric acid cycle/krebs cycle/ TCA cycle
produces energy (GTP)
2 nadh 1 fadh2 –> feed into etc
occurs in mitochondrial matrix
where does citric acid cycle occur in aerobic prokaryotes
cytosol
what must pyruvate be converted into before entering TCA cycle
acetyl coA
acetyl coA structure
2 carbon acetyl group attatched to a sulfur atom (coA)
what enzyme complex converts pyruvate to acetyl coA and what are the extra products
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (mitochondria)
- produces 1 nadh and 1 co2
PDC structure
3 distinct enzymes
1. pyruvate dehydrogenase
2. dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
3. dihyrolipoyl dehydrogenase
5 coenzymes: FAD, NAD, CoA, Lipoate, TPP
PDC structure
3 distinct enzymes
1. pyruvate dehydrogenase
2. dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
3. dihyrolipoyl dehydrogenase
5 coenzymes: FAD, NAD, CoA, Lipoate, TPP
PDC structure
3 distinct enzymes
1. pyruvate dehydrogenase
2. dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
3. dihyrolipoyl dehydrogenase
5 coenzymes: FAD, NAD, CoA, Lipoate, TPP
what coenzymes of the pdc are derived from vitamin B
nad, fad, coA, thiamine
end point of beta oxidation
acetyl CoA
each turn of the TCA cycle generates what
1 gtp
3 nadh
1 fadh2
2 co2
step one of TCA cycle
acetyl coA + oxaloacetate –> citrate
enzyme: citrate synthase
step two of TCA cycle
citrate –> isocitrate
enzyme: aconitase
step 3 of TCA cycle
isocitrate –> alpha ketogluterate
- lose a co2 and produce an nadh
- rate limiting step
- enzyme: isocitrate dehydrogenase
step 4 of TCA cycle
alpha ketogluterate –> succinyl coA
- lose a co2 and make 1 nadh
alphaketogluterate dehydrogenase
step 5 of TCA cycle
succinyl coA –> succinate
- lose coA and produce 1 GTP
enzyme: succinyl coA dehydrogenase
step 6 of TCA cycle
succinate –> fumerate
- succinate dehydrogenase
- produce FADH2
step 7 of TCA cycle
fumerate –> malate
- fumerase enzyme
step 8 of TCA cycle
malate –> oxaloacetate
malate dehydrogenase
- NADH
where is the electron transport chain
inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes , cell membrane of prokaryotes
transfer of e- in ETC
from electron carriers through chain, to oxygen
final electron accepter
o2 is reduced to water
where are protons pumped
into the inner membrane space
proton gradient
store electrochemcial energy, flow of H+ back into matrix is used to power the ATP synthase (makes atp from adp and p)
