AEDs Flashcards
Pregabalin:
- Mechanism of action
- Bioavailability
- Hepatic metabolism?
- Excretion
Pregabalin
- Mechanism of action: structural analog of Gaba, binds to alpha-2-deta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channel
- Bioavailability drops from 60%-33% when total daily dose increased form 900 to 3500 mg
- Not hepatically metabolized
>90% excreted unchanged in urine
Drugs to avoid in:
- Dravet Syndrome
Sodium channel agents (may worsen)
Primary side effects to consider: Phenobarbital (6)
- sedation
- rash
- hepatotoxicity
- aplastic anemia
- osteopenia
- CT d/o
Primary side effects to consider:
Phenytoin
General (6)
Dose dependent (5)
- SJS
- Blood dyscrasia
- hepatotoxicity
- gingival hyperplasia
- hirsutism
- osteopenia
Dose-dependent - Nystagmus
- Diplopia
- ataxia / incoordination
- dysarthria
- Drowsiness
Primary side effects to consider:
Primidone
Same as phenobarbital (metabolized into phenobarbital)
Primary side effects to consider:
Ethosuximide
stomach upset
abdominal pain/cramps
Primary side effects to consider: clonazepam (4)
- somnolence
- lethargy
- sexual dysfunction
- tolerance (long term)
Primary side effects to consider:
Clorazepate (tranxene)
- Somnolence
- Lethargy
Primary side effects to consider:
Carbamazepine (8)
- Sedation
- Neutropenia
- hyponatremia
- bradycardia
- SJS
- Agranulocytosis
- Hepatotoxicity
- pancreatitis
Primary side effects to consider:
Valproate (7)
- Weight gain
- tremor
- thrombocytopenia
- pancreatitis
- hepatotoxicity
- hyperammonemia
- Hair loss
Primary side effects to consider:
VIgabatrin (3)
- permanent visual field deficit (older studies say 30-40%, likely less)
- reversible subcortical edema
- somnolence
Primary side effects to consider:
Zonisamide (5)
- Cross-reacts with sulfa
- hypohydrosis
- nephrolithiasis
- metabolic acidosis
- weight loss
Primary side effects to consider:
Lamotrigine (4)
- NON-sedating
- insomnia
- SJS
- myoclonus
Primary side effects to consider: Felbamate (3 + 4)
- aplastic anemia
- liver failure
- weight loss
- Increases levels of phenytoin, valproate, phenobarbital, clobazam
Primary side effects to consider:
Gabapentin (3)
- sedation
- weight gain
- myoclonus
Primary side effects to consider:
Topiramate (5)
- weight loss
- cognitive slowing
- dysesthesia
- Glaucoma
- nephrolithiasis
Primary side effects to consider:
Tiagabine (3)
- Sedation
- cognitive slowing
- worsens some generalized seizures (myoclonic, absence)
Primary side effects to consider:
Oxcarbazepine (4)
- hyponatremia (per book only in elderly)
- Decreases OCP levels
- Sedation
- Rash
Primary side effects to consider:
Levetiracetam (2)
- Irritability
- Depression
Primary side effects to consider: pregabalin (3)
- Sedation
- swelling in lower extremities
- blurred vision
Primary side effects to consider:
Rufinamide (3)
- Loss of apetite
- aggravated seizures
- Status epilepticus
Primary side effects to consider:
Lacosamide (7)
- Dizziness / vertigo > vomiting
- Ataxia
- diplopia
- Blurred vision
- Fatigue
- Rash
Primary side effects to consider:
Esclicarbazepine (aptiom) (4)
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Diplopia
- hyponatremia (1-2%)
Primary side effects to consider:
Clobazam (3)
- somnolence
- lethargy
- note less addictive potential than other benzo
Primary side effects to consider:
Ezogabine (potiga) (3)
- Urinary Retention
- Tremor
- bluish skin discoloration
Primary side effects to consider:
Perampanel (fycompa)
- Ataxia
- Severe mood issues (hostility, homicidal ideation, aggression)