Advanced Services and Ethical Issues Flashcards
What is involved in moral reasoning?
Practical reasoning
decisions
- weighing the facts
- setting these facts against possible outcomes
- deciding on the preferred couyrse of action
> in decisions involving ethical dimension, we often also need to consider conflicting ethical issues
What are the SIX stages of moral development?
What are the six stages of moral reasoning about unauthorised refills in pharmacy practice?
Pharmacists’ relative isolation from others and subordination to doctors are ethically significant, explain how in:
a) isolation
b) subordination
A)
lack of proximity between pharmacist and patient –> impede ethical relationships with less ethical concern
B)
causes ethical problems and allow pharmacists to shift reponsbility to prescribing ddoctor –> e.g.g emergency contraception
What changes in the practice environment lead to more complex ethical dilemmas?
- CPOP
- Harm minimisation
- Supply of medicinal cannabis
- High cost items
- Immunisation
- Mental health support
- Assisting patients with substance abuse problems
What are the care principles from the code of ethics?
A pharmacist makes the health and wellbeing of the patient* their first priority = 1
A pharmacist practises and promotes patient-centred care = 2
A pharmacist exercises professional judgement in the interests of the patient and wider community = 3
For confidentiality and common law:
A) What is obligation maintained through?
B) What are exceptions?
A)
- Negligence: part of duty or care
- Contract: provider receives a fee
- Defamation: lowers reputation of patient
B)
- Express consent –> implied consent when under care of range of health professioanls
- Legal duty of disclosure
- Public interest disclosure
Give examples where exceptions of legal duty of disclosure happens
- nominated health professionals to report child abuse –> different legislation in various jurisdictions
- communicable diseases
- as part of court process
- unlawful activity
Give examples where exceptions of public interest disclosure happens
Real and significant threat of harm
Possibility of death
Mandatory reporting is to prevent the public from being placed at risk of harm, what are examples of notifiable conduct?
- Practice while intoxicated
- Engage in sexual misconduct
- Has an impairment
- Practice constitutes a significant departure from acceptable standards
> threshold to trigger requirement to report is high
> must have formed reasonable belief –> stronger level of knowledge than a mere suspicion
what is the bystander effect
more number of bystanders = less likely any of them will help
- presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situiation
Why is privacy important?
Patients only likely to disclose information if understood it will be kept private and confidential and used for relevant purposes
- access to private and confidential info creates combo of legal, professional and ethical obligations
What is privacy? What is confidentiality?
Privacy: focused on collection of info
Confidentiality: focused on communication of info
complementary to each other
What is the privacy legislation? What does personal info mean?
Regulates collection, storage, use, access, disclosure and destruction of personal information
- Personal info means info or an opinion whether true or not, and whether recorded in a material form or not about an individual whose identity is apparent, or can reasonably be ascertained from the information or opinion –> privacy act 1988
What are the types of consent? What constitutes a valid consent?
verbal, implied and written e.g. HMRs = types of consent
What constitututes a valid consent?
> Informed consent –> inform in broad and general terms
> Must cover the actual procedure–> disclosure of information and understanding of information
> consent must be voluntary given by patient
> legal capacity to give valid consent
