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Sgt. Exam > Advanced Crash Investigation > Flashcards

Advanced Crash Investigation Flashcards

1
Q

A percentage of gravity that affects a vehicle’s ability to decelerate or accelerate.

A

Coefficient of friction

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2
Q

A term that denotes the sharpness of a curve, yawning mark or curb line.

A

Radius

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3
Q

A straight line measurement between two points on an arc that cannot be larger than the diameter.

A

Chord

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4
Q

Skid marks that start, stop and start again. Gaps are 8-10 feet.

A

Gap skid

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5
Q

The braking efficiency of a vehicle for front braking only.

A

60%

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6
Q

The normal split for the braking efficiency of a front engine vehicle, between the front and rear brakes.

A

60/40

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7
Q

The perpendicular measurement from the midpoint of a chord to the edge of an arc

A

Middle ordinate

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8
Q

Skid marks that are regularly and repeatedly interrupted by small gaps. Usually 8 - 10 inch gaps. Measure them from beginning to end as a straight skid.

A

Skip skid

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9
Q

A type of energy that is dissipated as a result of the distance an object moves.

A

Work

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10
Q

The correction made to the minimum speed formula to account for percentage of available factor.

A

Braking efficiency

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11
Q

A mark left by a tire that is rotating and sliding sideways

A

Yaw mark

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12
Q

A measurement between the centers of the axles of a vehicle

A

Wheelbase

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13
Q

The system that defines the order math functions must be performed in an equation

A

Mathematical order of operation

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14
Q

Term used to express the amount of rise or fall relationship to the run of the slope.

A

Grade

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15
Q

Determined by the force necessary to maintain constant movement of the object across the surface

A

Dynamic friction

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16
Q

A device used to determine the coefficient of friction of a surface

A

Drag sled

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17
Q

Determined at the moment the force overcomes the inertia of the object and starts to slide across the surface

A

Static friction

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18
Q

When determining the minimum speed from its skid mark, you should average the length of the skid marks

A

Minimum speed from skid marks

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19
Q

When working on a crash across surfaces with multiple drag factors, where do we begin?

A

Start at the end of the crash

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20
Q

When working with a crash across surfaces with multiple drag factors, which speed calculation will provide a true speed?

A

The speed calculation on the last surface before the vehicle stopped.

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21
Q

When working with a crash across surfaces with multiple drag factors, what can calculated speed values for the individual surfaces be useful for?

A

Kinetic energy calculations

22
Q

A angle of less than 90 degrees

A

Acute angle

23
Q

A combination of tangible and intangible points

A

Semi-tangible

24
Q

The relationship between the opposite side and the hypotenuse of a right triangle.

A

Sine

25
Q

Greater than a 90 degree angle

A

Obtuse angle

26
Q

An angle of 90 degrees

A

Right triangle

27
Q

Airborne equation used when an object launches and lands on the same plane.

A

Flip formula

28
Q

Rate of acceleration due to gravity.

A

32.2 fps^2

29
Q

Airborne equation used when an object is on a negative grade before launch.

A

Fall formula

30
Q

A rough pencil sketch that identifies points to be measured at a collision scene

A

Field sketch

31
Q

A perpendicular measurement from the midpoint of a chord to the edge of an arc.

A

Middle ordinate

32
Q

Rate of motion expressed as miles per hour

A

Speed

33
Q

The relationship between the adjacent side and the hypotenuse of a right triangle.

A

Cosine

34
Q

A system of measurements that requires only one reference point

A

Coordinate system

35
Q

A useful means of organizing the measurement data taken from a crash scene.

A

Data block

36
Q

A method of locating a spot at a scene by measurements from two or more reference points

A

Triangulation method

37
Q

Rate of motion expressed in feet per second

A

Velocity

38
Q

A point that does not physically exist.

A

Intangible

39
Q

Occurs when two straight lines meet at a point

A

Angle

40
Q

A reference point that physically exists

A

Tangible reference point

41
Q

Rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

A

Rate of acceleration

42
Q

Which airborne formula is the most accurate?

A

Vault formula

43
Q

Where is the center of mass for a pedestrian assumed to be?

A

At one-half the pedestrian’s height.

44
Q

When should the Fall Formula not be used?

A

When Grade (G) is above 10% or take off angle is less than 6 degrees.

45
Q

What is the one measurement that absolutely must be taken at a scene?

A

Drag factor

46
Q

For investigative purposes, weight multiplied by the speed of the vehicle.

A

Momentum

47
Q

Method used to determine speeds of vehicles at impact, based on post-impact speeds and weights.

A

Conservation of momentum

48
Q

Used to determine braking distance on a skid test

A

Longest skid

49
Q

Used to determine braking distance on a crash

A

Average skid

50
Q

Grade above which you should not use the Fall Formula

A

10%

51
Q

The angle above which you cannot use the Fall Formula

A

6 degrees

52
Q

What to use for drag factor when the vehicles join as one at impact and less than all eight wheels are locked?

A

Effective Factor

Sgt. Exam (5 decks)

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