Adult Bovine Infectious Disease

Question 1

What is listeriosis caused by? and how does infection occur?

Answer 1

The L. monocytogenes bacteria which is naturally in the environment
Infection by ingestion of low quality silage

Question 2

What are the different disease forms of listeriosis

Answer 2

• Neurological: head tilt, circling, weakness
• Septicaemic: anorexia, pyrexia, pale mm
• abortion
• mastitis

Question 3

What is the treatment of listeriosis?

Answer 3

Antibiotics

100-200g bicarb fluids

Question 4

What are some preventative measures of listeriosis?

Answer 4

Silage quality control
Dont feed food from ground
Good qual silage only
Prevent faeces in food

Question 5

What bacterium is otitis media/interna caused by?

Answer 5

Pasturella multocidia, mycoplasma bovis, mannhemia haemolytica

Question 6

What are the clinical signs of otitis media/interna? how is it treated?

Answer 6

BAR and eating, head tilt, ataxia, nystagmus

TX: parenteral ABS > penicillin, oxytetracycline

Question 7

What is tetanus caused by?

Answer 7

Clostridium tetani

Question 8

What are the clinical signs of tetanus?

Answer 8

Worried look, pricked ears and tail, stiff, hyper responsive

Question 9

What is the cause of malignant catarrhal fever? (MCF) and how can it be controlled?

Answer 9

gammaherpesvirus, ALHV-1, OVHV-2

Do not mix cattle and sheep

Question 10

What is bovine spongiform encephalopathy? (BSE)

Answer 10

Caused by prion > zoonotic and notifiable, hyperaesthesia, recumbency, incoordination

Question 11

What is foot rot caused by? how is it treated?

Answer 11

F. Necrophorum and D. Nodosus working together

Foot baths and ABS

Question 12

What is lumpy jaw caused by? How can it be treated?

Answer 12

Caused by actinomyces bovis - part of normal flora, invades when damage to oral cavity
ABS or culling

Question 13

What are the CS of keratoconjuctivitis? how can it be treated/contolled?

Answer 13

CS: photophobia, lacrimation, blephanospasm
TX: ointments, ABs, enucleation of 3rd eyelid
Control: fly control, isolate animals, good housing

Question 14

What 3 things together cause respiratory disease in cattle?

Answer 14

Stress (movement, housing, weather)
Virus (IBR, RSV, parainfluenza 3, adeno)
Bacteria (M. haemolytica, P. multocidia, M. bovis)

Question 15

How can resp dx be controlled?

Answer 15

Biosecurity, minimise stress, vaccination

Question 16

What is TB caused by? is it zoonotic/notifiable?

Answer 16

Mycobacterium bovis

yes

Question 17

How can TB be tested?

Answer 17

1. SICTT 80% sensitivity, >90% specificity (required annually in ireland)
2. GIF test, 90% sensitivity, less specific

Question 18

What is johne’s disease caused by? what are the CS?

Answer 18

Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis

CS: diarrhoea, weight loss and affects lymph nodes, uterus

Question 19

What are the 3 stages of disease process with johne’s disease?

Answer 19

1. Infected: little shedding
2. Infectious: no cs but shedding bacteria
3. Affected: showing cs and shedding bacteria

Question 20

How can johne’s dx be controlled?

Answer 20

Good hygiene, biosecurity, removal of calf from dam, good slurry practice

Question 21

How does BVD affect unborn calves during gestation?

Answer 21

1M: embryonic death
2-4M: persistent infection
5-9M: normal calf, birth defect or abortion

Question 22

What are the cs of a persistently infected animal with BVD?

Answer 22

Stunted growth, poor production, shed virus for life, usually dies before the age of 2

Question 23

What are the cs of salmonellosis and how can it be treated?

Answer 23

CS: diarrhoea which may be mild or acute with pyrexia, abortion between the 5-8 month period
TX: fluids, ABS, NSAIDS

Question 24

How is salmonellosis spread?

Answer 24

faecal-oral route

Question 25

What are the cs of leptospirosis?

Answer 25

abortion, milk drop, infertility