Adregenic Stimulants Flashcards
Norepinephrine
Adrenergic Stimulants
no class
a(1), B(1)
Must be IV
a1- vasoconstriction - increase TPR
B1- increase contractility, HR - Increased CO
- increased in vasoconstriction cause reflexive decrease in HR therefore the HR remains relatively unchanged
- if given atropine before NE injection than vagal tone is inhibited and there would be an increase in HR
- can cause such severe vasoconstriction at site of administration the area may become necrotic
Epinephrine
Adrenergic Agonist
no class
a, B(1), B(2)
READ EPINEPHRINEEE- PG 13
tx anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest and complete heart block, used to decrease diffusion of local anesthetics
side effects: tremor, throbbing, headache, high HTN, ventricular arrhythmia, cerebral hemorrhage
Phenylephrine
Adrenergic Agonist a1 potent vasoconstrictor-increase BP, w/reflex decrease in HR nasal decongestant mydriasis
Pseudoephedrine
Adrenergic Agonist
a1
most often used as nasal decongestant, similar to phenylephrine
less tachycardia and CNS effects than ephedrine
Tetrahydrazoline and Naphazoline
Adrenergic Stimulants
a1
used to clear eyes by causing vasoconstriction (visine, clear eyes, etc)
contraindicated in narrow-angle glaucoma and HTN
Xyleometazoline
Adrenergic Agonist
a1
Nasal decongestant, rebound effect if used chronically
Oxymetazoline
Adrenergic stimulants
a1, a2
Nasal decongestant, can cause hypotension if acts on a2
Midodrine
a1 agonist
treat postural hypotension (given in daytime to prevent HTN upon laying down)
treat autonomic insufficiency
Methoxamine
a1 agonist
used IV to treat hypotension
Clonidine
Adrenergic Stimulants
a2
CNS Action to decrease NE release, peripheral decrease in BP, consider as prototype for A2 agonist, may also inc PSNS outflow from CNS, can cause sexual dysfunction in males
Pre-anesthetic: sedation and decrease secretions
Methyldopa
Adrenergic Agonists
a2
Goes to CNS- reduces NE release, lowers peripheral BP
Apraclonidine
Adrenergic Agonist
a2, decrease NE release (and thus B stim)
eye- decrease intraocular pressure
Brimonidine
Adrenergic stimulants
a2-decrease NE release (and thus B stim)
eye- decrease intraocular pressure
Tizandine
Adrenergic Stim
a2
reduce muscle spasticity
Isoproterenol
Adrenergic stim
B(1), B(2)
Increase heart rate, increase contraction force
B1 is going to increase HR, B2 dilated BV–therefore initial rise in systolic pressure (b1) then blood vessels dilate (b2) –> reduction in BP but increase in HR
Used for cardiac arrest and complete heart block -
Side effects: tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmia
Dobutamine
adrenergic stim
B(1)
increase HR, Increase contractility, INCREASE CARDIAC OUTPUT – -
- VERY short half life (2mins), short lived effect
IV, used in stress tests for pts who are unable to work out
- patients with cardiogenic shock or CHF it may be infused constantly to maintain an increased CO
- May cause HTN in patients with a history of HTN- to avoid infuse slowly
Terabutaline
Adrenergic Stimulants
B(2)
Relax uterus - suppress premature labour
Salmeterol
Adrenergic Stim
B(2)
anti-asthmatic
potent vasodilator
Ritrodine
Adrenergic stim
B(2)
relax uterus - suppress premature labour
Dopamine
Adrenergic Stim.
D1
Vasodilation and increase renal blood flow, cardiac shock (high dose will act on B1)
Inc GFR and Na excretion
Fenodolpam
Adrenergic stim
D1
dilation of vascular beds, dec BP, short term action
used to treat severe HTN
Ephedrine
Adren. Stim
a and B, enhances NE release
CNS stimulants, highly bioavailable and long lasting, excretion inc by acidifying urine
Inc HR, may inc BP, bronchodilation
amphetammine
Adren. Stim
indirect by displacing NE from neurons inc its release
CNS stimulant, meth is type of this drug with more CNS centralized effects
Methylphenidate (ritalin)
Adren. stim
indirect via displacement of NE
CNS stimulant that causes paradoxical decrease in hyperactivity
