adolescence

Question 1

what is puberty?

Answer 1

the beginning of maturation of biological, physical and sexual characteristics

Question 2

what happens in the pre-frontal cortex just before puberty?

Answer 2

a second wave synapse formation occurs just before puberty - which increases a teenagers ability to reason, control their impulses and make better judgements

Question 3

Describe erikson psychosocial development stage 5

Answer 3

-identity vs confusion
- adolescents explore their identity, seeking to establish a sense of self and individuality
- if not successful - adolescent cannot make deliberate decisions / choices eg career choice, sexual orientation and relationships etc

Question 4

Describe stage 4 of piaget cognitive development

Answer 4

-thinking becomes more abstract
-capable of solving hypothetical propositions and deducing consequences

Question 5

what is the formal operational stage of the concept of illness?

Answer 5

• good understanding of physiological causes and nature of illness - eg internal organs effected by different illnesses - ie cancer is when cells grow too fast
  -psychophysiological - illness can result and be aggravated by physiological and psychological issues

Question 6

what is authoritative parenting?”

Answer 6

-these type of parents are both responsive and demanding - they provide a warm environment while also setting clear expectations and boundaries
-children with these types of parents will be happy, capable and successful

Question 7

Describe the authoritarian parenting style

Answer 7

-Authoritarian parents are highly demanding but less responsive. They emphasize obedience and discipline, and they may use punitive measures to control behavior.
-strict rules, little room for negotiation, less warmth and responsiveness and high expectations

Question 8

what might occur to a child with authoritarian parents?

Answer 8

-child will perform moderately well in school
-poorer social skills
-lower self esteem

Question 9

what is neglectful parenting?

Answer 9

-Uninvolved parents are neither responsive nor demanding. They may be emotionally detached, neglectful, and provide minimal supervision.
-Lack of emotional support, limited involvement in the child’s life, little attention to the child’s needs.

Question 10

what might happen to a child of a neglectful parent?

Answer 10

-low self esteem
-perform poorly in school
-face challenges In emotional regulation

Question 11

what is indulgent/permissive parenting?

Answer 11

Parents who follow an indulgent parenting style are generally warm, nurturing, and responsive to their children’s needs, but they tend to have few rules or expectations for behavior

Question 12

what can happen to a child of an indulgent / permissive parent?

Answer 12

-more problem behvaiours
-perform poorly in school
-higher self esteem
-better social skills
-lower levels of depression
-may struggle with following rules etc

Question 13

what are the physical, emotional and social/ educational effects of chronic illness and disability on adolescence?

Answer 13

1. physical effects
   -visible signs mark out adolescent from peers, which can lead to reduced self esteem and self image
2. emotional effects
   -lower levels of emotional well being than peers
3. social, educational effects
   -poor performable usually result of absences due to ill health
   -social isolation

Question 14

what are examples of strategies to improve treatment adherence in adolescents?

Answer 14

-see adolescent alone and discuss confidentiality
-be non-judgemental; ask open ended questions
-when asking about meds, indicate poor adherence is normal
-explore knowledge, correct misunderstandings
-educate about illness
-give written instructions
-suggest reminders etc