Adolescence

Question 1

Adolescence

Answer 1

to grow and mature. transition between childhood and adulthood

Question 2

3 phases of adolescence

Answer 2

Early: 10-14 years
Mid: 14-16 years
Late: 17-20 years

study chart in slides

Question 3

growth

Answer 3

-girls peak at about 12 years. growth ceases about 2-3 years after menarche
-boys peak at about 14 years. growth ceases about 18-20 years
-genetics play a large role in growth.
-50% of ideal adult body weight is gained during this time (50-75 lbs)

Question 4

final 20-25% of height is achieved during when?

Answer 4

puberty. 10-11 inches

Question 5

body changes

Answer 5

-sweat glands are more active (acne)
-increased stomach/intestine size (increased metabolic rate and appetite)
-2nd and 3rd molars, wisdom teeth
-weight and volume of lungs increase
-improved hand-eye coordination
-improved motor function
-shoulders broaden/hips broaden

Question 6

puberty

Answer 6

sexual maturity or having the functional ability to reproduce

Question 7

physical activity in adolescence

Answer 7

60 minutes or more of physical activity every day. vigorous exercise 3x/week. sedentary activities like studying, computers, video games, etc. contribute to obesity

Question 8

sleep in adolescence

Answer 8

generally recommend 9 hours sleep per night. 1 in 4 may be sleep deprived (less than 6 hrs of sleep). puberty causes a phase delay in sleep—teens go to bed later but still need 9 hrs of sleep

Question 9

sleep deprivation is related to…

Answer 9

higher rates of depression, fatigue, difficulty w/ concentration, academic performance issues, somantic complaints (headache, stomach aches)

Question 10

causes of lack of sleep

Answer 10

early morning classes, work, social time, internet/tv, homeless/hungry

Question 11

nutrition in adolescence

Answer 11

accelerated growth during puberty (this can double nutritional requirements for iron, calcium, zinc, protein). girls especially can be affected by inadequate iron (menarche)

Question 12

influences on food habits

Answer 12

growing independence, need for peer acceptance, concern with physical acceptance, active, busy lifestyle

Question 13

true or false: body image are heightened during adolescence

Answer 13

true. eating disorders can be a concern because of this

Question 14

young adolescence: concrete phase of thinking

Answer 14

interpret words and concepts literally. Ex: someone who only sees women as nurses may assume that only women are nurses

Question 15

middle adolescence: formal operational stage

Answer 15

quick and efficient information processing. begin complex/abstract thinking. thinking about possibilities, hypo-deductive thinking, propositional thought.

Question 16

late adolescence: post-formal operational stage

Answer 16

skills become more refined. decision-making ability increases

Question 17

biological sex or sex assigned at birth

Answer 17

Based on external genital anatomy and/or internal gonads, chromosomes, or hormone levels.

Question 18

gender

Answer 18

Culturally held and transmitted beliefs, attitudes and feelings that are associated with biological sex. Largely focused on person’s behaviors in relation to the biological sex. Gender can be conforming (congruent with biological sex) or nonconforming (not congruent with biological sex)

Question 19

gender typing

Answer 19

association of objects, activities, roles, traits with one sex that conforms to cultural stereotypes

Question 20

gender identity

Answer 20

Internal sense of self of being male, female, a combination of both, somewhere in between, or neither

Question 21

gender expression

Answer 21

External way a person expresses gender. Clothing, hair, mannerisms, activities, social roles

Question 22

gender diverse

Answer 22

Gender behaviors, appearance, or identities that are incongruent with those culturally assigned to
them at birth sex.

Question 23

sexual orientation

Answer 23

Romantic and sexual attractions individuals experience toward others

Question 24

gender fluid

Answer 24

Remains open and not limited to the expected social beliefs about themselves. May use the term Queer. Does not identify or conform to the dominant cultural definitions of sex, gender, sexuality

Question 25

transgender

Answer 25

Identity that does not match assigned sex. falls under gender diverse

Question 26

cisgender

Answer 26

Identifies and expresses a gender consistent with culturally defined norms of sex assigned at birth

Question 27

agender

Answer 27

Does not identify as having a particular gender

Question 28

at what age did children realize they felt different about their gender? what age do they disclose it?

Answer 28

8-9 years old. don’t disclose until an average of 10 years later.

Question 29

Two specific health risks in adolescence

Answer 29

-Depression. 25-30% of high school teens have reported feeling sad or hopeless. -Suicide. 2nd leading cause of death ages 15-24 years old. Feelings of stress, self doubt, pressure to succeed, financial uncertainty, disappointment often coincide with teen suicide

Question 30

Moral Development

Answer 30

Develop a personal value system gradually during this time. Tends to be achieved btw 18-20 years. Conventional Level 4: Focus on obeying the law. Authority and following rules. Conform and please others. Right and wrong = still concrete Post Conventional Level 5: Focus on justice. Justice and the rules may not always be the same. Quality of life and justice might be more than a rule

Question 31

Spirituality

Answer 31

Younger adolescence: More likely to view religion as important Middle Adolescence: importance of organized religion tends to decline Late Adolescence: reexamination and reevaluation of believes and values

Question 32

Spirituality: Fowler Stage

Answer 32

Stage 3 Synthetic-Conventional faith -ages 12 to adulthood -characterized by conformity to authority and the religious development of personal identity -develops ability to see meaning in stories, rituals, and symbols of faith -claim their faith as their own—although it is often the faith of their family

Question 33

Psychosocial Changes: Erikson

Answer 33

Identity vs. role confusion. -task is to develop a stable, coherent picture of oneself -integrates one’s past and present experiences with a sense of where one is headed in the future Cognitive and social situations encountered during adolescence helps them put together these past and present experiences - reflect on their place in society, listen to others, see how others view them, sense of self worth, options for the future

Question 34

Cultural aspects of adolescence

Answer 34

-Cultures that emphasize obedience to authority may have a harder time adapting to a teens push for independent decision making -Sense of ethnic identity and membership in ethnic group is central to quest for identity in adolescents -Despite prevailing image of sexually free adolescents, sexual attitudes in North America are relatively restrictive (parents don’t provide info)

Question 35

Self recognition of gender identity…

Answer 35

Develops over time, much like a child’s physical body does

Question 36

Sexuality

Answer 36

-Includes sex, gender identification and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy, and reproduction -Expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes and values, behavior practices, roles, and relationships.

Question 37

How is sexuality influenced?

Answer 37

Influenced by interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious, and spiritual factors

Question 38

Intimacy and dating

Answer 38

-With the development of a sexual identity, an orientation to others is identified and intimate relationships form -Intimacy includes emotional attachment between two people characterized by concern for each other’s well-being -Cognitive abilities and expanding social world allow for truly intimate relationships to develop

Question 39

Those who are abused are more likely to engage in…

Answer 39

Substance abuse, have depression, suicide risk, early sexual activity. Abuse can be physical, sexual, or emotional

Question 40

Family relationships

Answer 40

-Adolescence is a time of reorganized family relationships -Sibling attachment remains strong -Adolescents who feel closer to their parents=more positive psychosocial development and behavior competence -Authoritative parenting -Greater psychosocial maturity and school performance -Less substance abuse -Adolescents with less supervision may have more negative outcomes

Question 41

Half of all new STI’s are among what age group?

Answer 41

15-24

Question 42

Among all high school seniors…

Answer 42

-30% had sexual intercourse during the previous 3 months -More than 46% of did not use a condom the last time they had sex -19% used alcohol or drugs before last sexual intercourse -7 % said they had been physically forced to have sexual intercourse when they did not want to -10 % had four or more sexual partners -21% of all new HIV diagnoses were among those aged 13-24 years

Question 43

When do females become fertile?

Answer 43

After they have their first period, which can occur btw 10-15 years of age. When ovum is released mid cycle, they are the most fertile