Administering drugs by the parenteral route.

Question 1

What is parenteral administration?

Answer 1

Administered by any route other than via the gastro - intestinal tract.

Question 2

What are the parenteral routes?

Answer 2

Topical
Inhaled
Epidural
Nasal Mucosa
IV
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intradermal
Intra - arterial 
Intrathecal

Question 3

What does inter arterial mean?

Answer 3

Verapamil to brain in vasospasm

Question 4

What does intrathecal mean?

Answer 4

Through csf barrier

Question 5

What is epidural?

Answer 5

Pregnancy injection

Question 6

What is topical?

Answer 6

May be directly delivered to external site.

Question 7

What are intravenous injections?

Answer 7

Injections into the veins = known as capacitance vessels.

Question 8

How are vessels defined?

Answer 8

Path which carries blood from capillary bed back to the heart.

Question 9

What delivery system is IV injections classed under?

Answer 9

Systemic Delivery.
= Issues with absorption are eliminated.
Drugs may be given at a rapid rate to achieve peak effect.

Question 10

Name the 4 layer of the skin.

Answer 10

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Tissue
Muscle

Question 11

What is the degree of intramuscular injections?

Answer 11

90 degrees

Question 12

What is the degree of subcutaneous injections?

Answer 12

45 degrees

Question 13

What is the degree of intravenous injections?

Answer 13

25 degrees

Question 14

What is the degree of intradermal injections?

Answer 14

10 - 15 degrees

Question 15

Describe and explain the dermis.

Answer 15

Contains layers of connective tissue with lots of receptors for sensitisation.
Acts as a shock absorber and thus, provides strength to the skin.

Question 16

What is transdermal administration?

Answer 16

Epidermis layer of the skin is a barrier to absorption and thus, only drugs with high lipid - solubility are able to diffuse across.
This remains a convenient route of administration.