ADHD/ASD/CONDUCT Flashcards
What is ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is a Neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in early childhood, usually before entering school.
In ADHD, what developmental process are impaired?
Characterised by developmental deficits that produce impairments (social, intellectual and adaptive functioning)
How is ADHD diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically includes observations, standardised assessments and history taking
ADHD symptoms
Inattentive, hyperactive, and/or impulsive, attention span, does not follow through on instructions, loses things, easily distracted, forgetful
Fidgets and squirms
What are the types of ADHD
1) Combined Presentation
2) Predominantly Inattentive Presentation
3) Predominantly Hyperactive-impulsive presentation
Combined Presentation
If symptoms of both criteria inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity we present for the past 6 months
Predominantly Inattentive Presentation
Symptoms:
Doesn’t seem to be listening when directly speaking to them
Trouble organising possessions and maintaining tasks
Fails to finish school work or chores
Resists tasks that require mental effort
Loses important items
Difficulty initiating
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation:
Symptoms: Need for motor movement – “on the go”
Hard to sit still
Energy not goal directed
When they feel it, they do it
Behaviour doesn’t change with environment or demands
Difficulty accepting no, taking turns, waiting
Cannot see consequences
What’s the diagnosis ratio for ADHD
Diagnoses in boys more than girls (3:1)
Which type of ADHD is each gender prone to
Girls are more inattentive, boys more hyperactive or combined
Interventions for ADHD
Counselling
Psychoeducation
Modified environment
Focus on success
Counselling for self esteem, social skills etc
Occupational therapy
Speech pathology
Medications
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Pattern of hostile, disobedient, and defiant behaviours directed at adults or authority
Angry and irritable moods,
Purposely cause conflict and place blame on others
“everythings a battle”
Vindictive
Conduct Disorder
Repetitive and persistent SEVERE rule breaking and/or aggressive acts e.g. Physical and verbal aggression, theft, vandalism, destruction of property, cruelty to animals.
Initiates fights
Cruel to people or animals
Sexual abuse
What’s the difference between ODD and CD
Similar to ODD, CD is a more extreme version
ODD is more comman than conduct disorder
Odd is more argumentive, defiant, angry, blaming
Conduct is cruelty to people, animals, criminal activity etc
ASD
lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that is present in the first few years of life.
ASD symptoms
significant and persistent deficits in social communication and interaction skills and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities
ASD difficulties
experience profound difficulties in relat- ing to other people, including deficits in orienting to social stimuli, imitating others, sharing a focus of attention with others, and noticing and understanding other people’s feelings. They also display deficits in social communication, including the use of preverbal vocalizations and gestures, language oddities such as pronoun reversal, and difficul- ties with the appropriate use of language in social contexts.
ASD symptoms
significant and persistent deficits in social communication and interaction skills and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities
What is theory of mind relating to ASD
Children with ASD display a deficit in theory of mind (ToM)—the ability to understand other people’s and one’s own mental states, including beliefs, intentions, feelings, and desires.
Physical symptoms of anxiety
-increased heart rate
-fatigue
-increased respiration
-nausea
-stomach upset dizziness
-blurred vision
-dry mouth
-muscle tension
-heart palpitation
-blushing
-vomiting
-numbness
-sweating
Cognitive symptoms of anxiety
-thoughts of being scared or hurt
-thought of images of monsters or wild animals self-deprecatory
-self critical thoughts
-thoughts of incompetency or inadequacy
-difficulty concentrating
blanking out or forgetfulness
-thoughts of appearing foolish
-thoughts of bodily injury images of harm to loved ones
-thoughts of going crazy
-thoughts of contamination
Behavioural symptoms of anxiety
-avoidance
-crying or screaming
-nail biting
-trembling voice
-stuttering
-trembling lip
-swallowing
-immobility
-twitching
-thumb sucking
-avoidance of eye contact
-physical proximity
-clenched jaw
-fidgeting
