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152 LE4 > Adenovirus > Flashcards

Adenovirus Flashcards

1
Q

Adenovirus Family

A

Adenoviridae

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2
Q

Adenovirus Genome

A

Double-stranded DNA,
non-enveloped virus

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3
Q

Adenovirus has ____ serotypes and is classified into ___ species

A

60 serotypes, 7 species

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4
Q

Which types are more commonly associated with respiratory infections?

A

types 3, 4, 7, 14

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5
Q

Adenovirus Structure

A

Icosahedral capsid,
with fiber proteins that mediate
cell attachment

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6
Q

Adenovirus Transmission

A

Respiratory droplets, fecal-oral route, and direct contact

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Can survive on surfaces for short periods

A

FALSE, long periods

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8
Q

There are higher rates for the virus in ______, military recruits, ___ and ______

A

children, military recruits, and immunocompromised individuals

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9
Q

Seasonality of Adenovirus

A

Occurs year-round but can have peaks in late winter to early summer.

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Outbreaks are common in close quarters

A

TRUE

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11
Q

Adenovirus is composed of ____ subunits, _____ hexons, and 12 ____ and _____

A

252 subunits, 240 hexons, 12 pentons and fibers

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12
Q

What
contain most of the
neutralizing antibodies’
epitopes?

A

Hexon and the fiber

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Adenovirus is relatively susceptible and less stable than other enveloped respiratory viruses

A

FALSE. resistant and more stable than others

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14
Q

Function of penton base

A

Penetration, toxin like activity that causes
rapid appearance of cytopathic effect

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15
Q

What proteins serve as virulence factors?

A

Fiber, E1A/E1B Proteins

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16
Q

The ____ protein mediates attachment to epithelial cells

A

Fiber

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17
Q

E1A/E1B proteins interfere with _______, preventing _____

A

host cell
cycle control, preventing
apoptosis

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18
Q

Adenovirus blocks _____ and ___ Expression

A

interferon and MHC 1 expression

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19
Q

Virus attaches to host cells via what receptor?

A

coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR)

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20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Entry of virus happens through cell-mediated endocytosis

A

FALSE, receptor-mediated

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21
Q

What epithelial cells does adenovirus target?

A

Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and ocular

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22
Q

Replication in host nucleus leads to ___

A

cell lysis

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23
Q

Immunity to adenoviruses after infection
is ______-specific and usually ______

A

serotype-specific, long lasting

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24
Q

What is the body’s response to infection?

A

group-specific complement-fixing
antibodies

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25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Group-specific complement-fixing antibodies are useful indicators of infection, and is used specify the infecting serotype

A

FALSE, useful indicators of infection, but do
not specify the infecting serotype

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26
Q

What respiratory symptoms appear with infection?

A

Fever, cough, sore throat, and rhinorrhea

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27
Q

Croup, bronchiolitis and pneumonia are seen in ________

A

severe cases, infants and the immunocompromised

28
Q

What combination of symptoms usually consist of the classical manifestations of adenovirus?

A

Conjunctivitis + sore throat (Pharyngoconjunctival fever)

29
Q

_______ is common in young children

A

Gastroenteritis

30
Q

What symptom is common among industrial workers?

A

Keratoconjunctivitis: Eye infection

31
Q

These symptoms are rare but serious complications

A

Myocarditis and hepatitis

32
Q

Among the following serotypes, which are NOT associated with outbreaks for childhood febrile illness?

2, 3, 4, 7a, 7b, 21

A

2, 4, 7b, 21

33
Q

Which serotypes are associated with outbreaks for pneumonia and other acute respiratory illnesses?

A

3, 7a, 7b, 14a

34
Q

Serotypes 3 and 19 are associated with outbreaks in which syndromes?

A

Pertussis and keratoconjunctivitis

35
Q

Acute Respiratory Disease (ARD) is caused by which adenovirus serotypes?

A

Serotypes 1, 2, 5, and 7

36
Q

ARD Symptoms

A

Fever, cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and conjunctivitis. May lead to pneumonia in severe cases

37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Pharyngoconjunctival Fever is associated with adenovirus serotype 4

A

False, serotype 3

37
Q

Pharyngoconjunctival Fever Symptoms

A

Combination of pharyngitis, conjunctivitis (red eyes), fever, and sometimes
respiratory symptoms

38
Q

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis is caused by which serotypes?

A

8, 19, and 37

39
Q

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis symptoms

A

Redness, tearing, photophobia, and foreign body sensation in the eye. It is highly contagious and can cause
significant discomfort

40
Q

Jessica was found to have redness in her eyes as well as tearing. She would prefer to have the lights in her room off. Upon going to the doctor, she would complain of a ‘foreign object sensation’ in here eye. After several diagnosis tests, the doctor confirms that it is adenovirus. What possible serotypes may have caused her symptoms?

A

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis: 8, 19, and 37

41
Q

Assuming the causative agent is indeed adenovirus, a person who suffers from bloody urine and painful urination would test positive for which adenovirus serotype?

A

11

42
Q

Most cases positive for adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41, who suffer from gastroenteritis, would come from which age group?

A

Children

43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: ELISA is gold standard for respiratory samples (throat swabs)

A

FALSE, PCR

44
Q

Which comes first, clinical or laboratory diagnosis?

A

Clinical

45
Q

Antigen detection is (less/more) sensitive, and is used in ________

A

Less sensitive, used in rapid diagnostics

46
Q

Which laboratory diagnosis is useful for epidemiological studies but less helpful in acute infection?

A

Serology

47
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Viral Culture is definitive, but rarely used

A

TRUE

48
Q

Common specimens for culture

A

Nasopharyngeal swabs, throat swabs, sputum, BAL, conjunctival swabs, stool, urine, blood, CSF, tissue samples

49
Q

Adenovirus can be ____ in routine viral transport medium

A

stable

50
Q

Challenges for adenovirus culture

A
  • Not practical for routine use in hospitals.
  • Some serotypes (e.g., types 40, 41) are non
    cultivatable.
  • Expensive primary human embryonic kidney
    cells may be required for fastidious serotypes.
51
Q

Serology requires how many samples and why?

A

2 samples, acute and convalescent, to
demonstrate a 4-fold rise in titers

52
Q

Most children are ____ by age __.

A

seropositive, 4

53
Q

What are the types of antigen tests?
a. ELISA and PCR
b. DFA and EIA
c. HIA and HA
d. LAMP and PCR

A

Direct fluorescent antigen (DFA) and enzyme
immunoassay (EIA)

54
Q

_______ are used to diagnose patients with keratoconjunctivitis, respiratory disease, and
enteritis.

A

Antigen Tests

55
Q

Antigen tests are best for detecting ______ in stool

A

non-cultivatable types (e.g.,
types 40, 41) in stool

56
Q

PCR has ________ for respiratory, tissue, urine, and blood samples

A

High specificity

57
Q

When an immunocompromised patient is confined in the hospital for adenovirus, the doctor will request which laboratory diagnosis?

a. Serology
b. Antigen Tests
c. Culture
d. PCR

A

d. PCR

Quantitative PCR is vital for monitoring viremia in immunocompromised patients.

58
Q

What must be considered for the interpretation in PCR testing?

A

Interpretation must consider virus shedding versus active infection

59
Q

There has been several outbreaks of adenovirus in the Philippines. The DOH is tasked to map the virus in terms of serotypes. Which laboratory diagnosis is most useful in this scenario?

A

Serotyping

60
Q

What type of testing is used for ARD?

A

Syndrome-specific testing

61
Q

______ for culture of respiratory viruses
(eg, influenza virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus) is suggested.

A

Nasopharyngeal swab

62
Q

What type of assay should be considered for Epstein-Barr virus?

A

Monospot assay

63
Q

Which antiviral drug is considered in severe or immunocompromised patients but is not routinely used due to toxicity?

a. Brincidofovir
b. Cidofovir
c. Doxycycline

A

b. Cidofovir

64
Q

Live oral vaccines for _____ are available for
military recruits in some countries

A

types 4 and 7

152 LE4 (6 decks)

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