Additional Pre-lab Unit 2

Question 1

What is the “blind spot”?

Answer 1

An area where a person view is destructed.

Question 2

Where exactly is the blind spot?

Answer 2

entry of the optic nerve on the retina.

Question 3

What is it about the anatomy of the eye that causes there to be a “blind spot”?

Answer 3

there are no photoreceptors in the optic disk (optic nerve head).

Question 4

Describe the pupillary eye reflex? Why is it considered a consensual reflex?

Answer 4

Reflex that controls the diameter of the pupil in response to the intensity of light that falls on the retinal ganglion cells of the eye, thereby assisting in adaptation to various levels of light/dark.
It is considered consensual because what happens to one eye creates a response in both.

Question 5

Explain how graded potentials are different from action potentials.

Answer 5

Graded: Degrade (get weaker over a distance), can be + or -, used for integration, synapses at cell bodies or dendrites, use ligand (chemical) gated channels, can sum.

Question 6

Define adrenergic receptor

Answer 6

Receptors that bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 7

Name the fluid filling the anterior part of the eye.

Answer 7

aqueous humor

Question 8

What is the function of aqueous humor?

Answer 8

Nourishes the lens and cornea; maintains pressure

Question 9

What is the instrument used to view the optic fundus?

Answer 9

ophthalmoscope

Question 10

What is the name of the eye chart that visual acuity is tested with?

Answer 10

Snellen

Question 11

What are cataracts?

Answer 11

clouding of the eye lens

Question 12

What is the instrument used to look in ears?

Answer 12

otoscope

Question 13

Describe how the pancreatic hormones regulate blood glucose when blood glucose levels are low. Be sure you describe the actions of the effector(s).

Answer 13

When blood glucose is low it signals alpha cells within the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas to release glucagon. The glucagon signals the liver to release the glucose it has stored in its cells into the blood stream which increases the blood glucose.

Question 14

What are the types of diabetes?

Answer 14

Type 1 - body no longer makes insulin or enough insulin because the immune system destroyed the cells that make it.
Type 2 - Insulin resistance occurs (fat, muscle, and liver cells do not use insulin to carry glucose into the bodys cells to use for energy) so the body needs more insulin.
Gestational diabetes - the placental hormones provoke a rise in blood sugar to a level that can affect the growth and welfare of your baby.

Question 15

What is the function of the Golgi tendon organs?

Answer 15

to provide sensory info to the CNS integrating centers on muscle tension.