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Year 3 psych (JK) > Addictions symposium > Flashcards

Addictions symposium Flashcards

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1
Q

Tolerance and reward centre responsible for

A

tolerance - physical dependence

reward centre - psychological craving

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2
Q

Tolerance

A

reduced responsiveness to a drug caused by previous administration

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3
Q

Which rugs show tolerance?

A

BZD, opiates, alcohol, barbiturates

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4
Q

dispositional tolerance

A

less drug reaching active site
increased metabolism and excretion
decreased rate of absorption

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5
Q

pharmacological tolerance

A

site of action less effected by drug

internalisation or down regulation of receptors

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6
Q

Why may tolerance lead to withdrawal symptoms?

A

avoid negative side effects

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7
Q

Are the withdrawal symptoms the same or opposite as the effect of the drug?

A

opposite

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8
Q

opioid, barbiturate and cocaine - effect and withdrawal effect

A

constipation - diarrhoea
anti convulsant - convulsions
increase mood - decrease mood

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9
Q

Reward pathway

A

neurons from VTA - nucleus accumbens - prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

What happens when VTA neurons stimulated?

A

dopamine release

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11
Q

Dopamine action

A

pleasure and reward eg food, sex

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12
Q

Examples of drugs tapping into reward system

A

alcohol, heroin, amphetamine, cocaine

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13
Q

2 stimulants

A

cocaine and amphetamine

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14
Q

Early use of cocaine

A

coca leaves in 1880 - ENT surgery

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15
Q

Ingesting cocaine

A

leaves chewed, cocaine HCL snorted or injected and crack cocaine smoked

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16
Q

Effect of cocaine depends on?

A

dose and rate of entry to brain

17
Q

Rate of entry to brain of cocaine depending on how it is taken

A

smoking - immediate
inject is 15-30s
snort - 3-5mins

18
Q

cocaine effects

A 
convulsions with resp failure
damage to nose and airways 
toxic confusions
hypertension and CVA 
cardiac arrhythmias and MI
paranoid psychosis 
less appetite and desire for sleep
increased confidence and impaired judgement
increased alertness and energy
stimulant and euphoriant
19
Q

cocaine withdrawal effects

A 
depression 
hyperphagia 
hypersomnia 
irritability 
agitation 
craving
20
Q

Amphetamine

A

amphetamine sulphate - sniffed, swallowed, inject

21
Q

Effects of amphetamine

A

similar to cocaine but longer lasting
toxic confusion occasionally with convulsions and death
psychosis

22
Q

Examples of opiates

A

opium, morphine, heroin, methadone, codeine

23
Q

Heroin effects

A

analgesia, sleep, euphoria, resp depression, bradycardia, constipation, pinpoint pupils, “rush”

24
Q

side effects of heroin

A

first time - N&V, headache
medium - phlebitis, anorexia and constipation
long term - tolerance, withdrawal, social and health problems

25
Q

opiate withdrawal

A

craving, yawning, insomnia, muscle pain, dilated pupils, piloerection

26
Q

Positives of methadone maintenance

A

decriminalises drug use, reduces IV misuse

normalise life

27
Q

Ecstasy effects

A

increased talkability, euphoria then calm, 2-4 hours

28
Q

side effects of ecstasy

A

nausea - dry mouth - dehydration - panic - anxiety - hallucinations - psychosis - increase blood pressure - brain and liver

29
Q

Components of cannabis

A

THC is psychoactive

cannabinoids in CBD

30
Q

Effects of cannabis

A 
relaxing or stimulating 
euphoriant 
increase sociability and hilarity 
increase appetite 
high dose - anxiety, hallucinations 
synaesthesia
31
Q

ill effects of cannabis

A

respiratory, toxic confusion, mental illness, psychosis

32
Q

What are novel psychoactive substances?

A

legal highs

33
Q

Anabolic steroids prescribed in

A

muscular dystrophy, wasting in AIDS

34
Q

Muscle hypertrophy areas with anabolic steroids

A

deltoid, pectoralis, trapezius, biceps

35
Q

side effects of anabolic steroids

A 
acne, stretch marks, bald 
feminisation in males and virilisation in females 
increase cholesterol and HTN
premature closure of epiphysis 
liver disease
36
Q

psychological effects of anabolic steroids

A

roid rage - irritable and anger
hypomania and mania
depression and suicidal on withdrawal

Year 3 psych (JK) (20 decks)

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