Addiction (Role of the Media) Flashcards
What are the four key processes in Social Learning Theory?
Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation.
What is Attention in Social Learning Theory?
Noticing something in the media.
What is Retention in Social Learning Theory?
Remembering what you saw.
What is Reproduction in Social Learning Theory?
Having the ability to reproduce the behavior you observed.
What is Motivation in Social Learning Theory?
Going out and performing the behavior.
What factors make behavior more likely to be imitated?
Being wealthy, successful, confident, and of the same gender/age.
How are addictive behaviors portrayed in the media?
Addictive behaviors are often shown positively without revealing the negative consequences.
What did Gunasekera et al. (2005) find about addiction in movies?
Addiction is often portrayed positively and without negative consequences.
What is vicarious punishment?
The concept that seeing someone else punished for their behavior can reduce the likelihood of engaging in that behavior.
What is vicarious reinforcement?
The idea that observing someone rewarded for their behavior increases the likelihood of imitating that behavior.
What did Wellman et al. (2006) find about media exposure and smoking?
Exposure to smoking-related media increases positive attitudes toward smoking and doubles the chances of starting to smoke.
What did Hanewinkel et al. (2014) find about alcohol exposure in films?
Exposure to alcohol use in films is associated with an increased likelihood of teenagers drinking alcohol and binge drinking.
What is the law regarding substance advertising in the UK?
Tobacco advertising is illegal, alcohol advertising is strictly regulated, but gambling advertising has fewer regulations.
What did Derevensky et al. (2010) find about gambling advertising?
Teenagers already gambling were more likely to be influenced by gambling ads, which portray gambling as glamorous and easy.
What did Pechmann et al. (1999) find in their experimental study?
Teenagers exposed to smoking in movies had more positive attitudes toward smoking and increased intentions to smoke.
What is a limitation of research into media influence on addictive behaviors?
Much of the research is correlational and tends to focus on adolescents, limiting its generalizability.
What did Romer et al. (2015) find about tobacco use on television?
Increased tobacco use on television was linked to increased cigarette consumption among adults.
What is the free will vs. media influence debate in addiction?
Individuals may be influenced by media but still retain free will in choosing whether to engage in addictive behavior.
How do negative portrayals of addiction in the media act as vicarious punishment?
Depictions like Trainspotting show the traumatic consequences of addiction, which can deter others from engaging in the behavior.
What role can positive role models in the media play in addiction?
Positive portrayals of healthy living and recovery from addiction can provide a model for overcoming addictive behavior.
What did Flay and Sobel (1983) find about media campaigns on drug use?
Media campaigns had little effect on reducing drug use and, in some cases, may have even increased it, contrary to Social Learning Theory.
