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Psychology - PSYA4 > Addiction - Learning > Flashcards

Addiction - Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

Weaknesses of the learning approach to addiction?

A

Limited

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2
Q

Strengths of the learning approach to addiction?

A

Treatment implications

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3
Q

Limitations of learning approach to addiction?

A

Fails to explain why only some people become addicted

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4
Q

Treatment implications of learning approach to addiction?

A

Drummond et al

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5
Q

Drummond et al?

A

‘Cue exposure’ uses cues without giving the opportunity to engage, leading to stimulus discrimination

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6
Q

Learning approach to gambling initiation researcher?

A

Griffiths

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7
Q

Griffiths?

A

Positive reinforcement of physiological buzz, psychological, social and financial rewards

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8
Q

Brown?

A

Arousal (not winning) is key determinant in gambling addiction

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9
Q

Learning approach to gambling maintenance?

A

Intermittent reinforcement
Social approval
Negative reinforcement

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10
Q

Intermittent reinforcement in gambling researcher?

A

Griffiths

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11
Q

Griffiths (IM)?

A

Persistence is strengthened by a win

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12
Q

Social approval in gambling researcher?

A

Lambos et al

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13
Q

Lambos et al?

A

Peers and family more likely to approve = reinforcement

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14
Q

Negative reinforcement in gambling researcher?

A

Rosenthaul and Lesieur

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15
Q

Rosenthaul and Lesieur?

A

60% of gamblers reported physical side effects

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16
Q

Learning approach to gambling relapse?

A

Conditioned cues

Approach-avoidance conflict

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17
Q

Conditioned cues in gambling?

A

Generate feelings associated with gambling

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18
Q

Approach-avoidance conflict?

A

Due to both positive and negative consequences they’re motivated to approach and avoid, fluctuating between the two

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19
Q

Weaknesses of learning approach to gambling?

A

Cannot explain all types of gambling
Reductionist
Why do only some people get addicted?

20
Q

Why can’t the learning approach to gambling explain all types of gambling?

A

e.g. different variable ratios (time between behaviour and consequence) and chances of winning

21
Q

Reductionism in learning approach to gambling?

A

Blaszcynski and Nower

22
Q

Blaszcynski and Nower?

A

2 different pathways: ‘emotionally vulnerable gambler’ (more resistant to change, need to treat underlying vulnerabilities) and ‘behaviourally conditioned pathway’ (least severe)

23
Q

Learning approach to smoking initiation?

A

Kandell and Wu

24
Q

Kandell and Wu?

A

SLT means that young people start due to social models

25
Q

NIDA on smoking initiation?

A

90% of US smokers started as adolescents due to peers

26
Q

Popularity as a reinforcer in smoking initiation?

A

Mayeux et al

27
Q

Mayeux et al?

A

Positive relationship between popularity and smoking after 2 years in 16 year olds

28
Q

Learning approach to smoking maintenance?

A

Strong conditioned response between nicotine and sensory aspects

29
Q

Learning approach to smoking maintenance researcher?

A

Franklin et al

30
Q

Franklin et al?

A

Smoking-related sensory cues become conditioned stimuli

31
Q

Learning approach to smoking relapse?

A

Conditioned cues

Refusal self-efficacy

32
Q

Conditioned cues in smoking researcher?

A

Hogarth et al

33
Q

Hogarth et al?

A

Craving to smoke significantly increased at the presentation of a conditioned stimuli

34
Q

Conditioned cues in smoking?

A

Activate same areas of brain used in smoking to remind them of positive effects

35
Q

Refusal self-efficacy researcher?

A

Lawrance and Rubinson

36
Q

Lawrance and Rubinson?

A

Frequent smoker = less confidence to quit

37
Q

Strengths of learning approach to smoking?

A

Support
Treatment implications
Real world applications

38
Q

Weaknesses of learning approach to smoking?

A

Gender bias

39
Q

Support for initiation in learning approach to smoking?

A

Karcher and Finn

40
Q

Karcher and Finn?

A

1.88x more likely to smoke if parents did, 2.64x if siblings did, 8x if peers did

41
Q

Support for relapse in learning approach to smoking?

A

Thewissen et al

42
Q

Thewissen et al?

A

Cue predicting smoking -> greater urge to smoke

43
Q

Gender bias in learning approach to smoking?

A

Lopez et al

44
Q

Lopez et al?

A

Onset and development of smoking follow different patterns, e.g. women start later

45
Q

Real world applications of learning approach to smoking?

A

Botvin

46
Q

Botvin?

A

Effective forms of drug prevention programs (teaching social skills and drug resistance) should target beginner adolescents as it’s a crucial development period where they are must vulnerable

Psychology - PSYA4 (16 decks)

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