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Psychology - PSYA4 > Addiction - Cognitive > Flashcards

Addiction - Cognitive Flashcards

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1
Q

Main researcher on cognitive approach to addiction?

A

Beck

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2
Q

Beck?

A

The ‘vicious cycle’ - …low mood -> coping by using -> financial, social and medical problems…

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3
Q

Examples of how addiction is used as a coping mechanism?

A

Mood regulation, performance enhancement, distraction

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4
Q

Weaknesses of cognitive approach to addiction?

A

Addiction or excess

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5
Q

Addiction or excess in cognitive approach to addiction?

A

Expectancy theory is concerned with excesses and problematic behaviour rather than addiction and loss of control

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6
Q

Initiation in cognitive approach to gambling addiction?

A

Self-medication - gambling is judged as helping

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7
Q

Research on cognitive approach to gambling initiation?

A

Gelkopf et al

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8
Q

Gelkopf et al?

A

Individuals use forms of pathological behaviour to treat psychological symptoms

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9
Q

Maintenance in cognitive approach to gambling?

A

Role of irrational beliefs

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10
Q

Research on cognitive approach to gambling maintenance?

A

Oei and Gordon

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11
Q

Oei and Gordon?

A

Maintenance of gambling due to cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs

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12
Q

Examples of irrational beliefs in gambling?

A

‘Gamblers fallacy’ (belief gambling is influenced by recent events), illusions of control, exaggerated self-confidence, attribute success to skill not chance

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13
Q

Griffiths?

A

Regular gamblers are more likely to stay on until they lost all money, explain possess as near wins, make irrational verbalisations, believe they’re skilful, etc.

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14
Q

Relapse in cognitive approach to gambling?

A

Recall bias and ‘just world’ hypothesis

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15
Q

Research on recall bias?

A

Blanco et al

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16
Q

Blanco et al?

A

Tendency to remember and overestimate wins

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17
Q

‘Just world’ hypothesis?

A

Belief in an eventual, ‘deserved’ reward

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18
Q

Strengths of cognitive approach to gambling?

A

Treatment implications

19
Q

Weaknesses of cognitive approach to gambling?

A

Ethical issues
Cause or effect?
Contradicting evidence

20
Q

Ethical issues in cognitive approach to gambling?

A

Studies such as Griffiths encouraged gambling

21
Q

Treatment implications of cognitive approach to gambling?

A

Different motivations for gambling leads to differing approaches to treating the addiction

22
Q

Examples of treatment implications of cognitive approach to gambling?

A

Treating underlying mood problems in self-medicators, CBT on those with irrational beliefs

23
Q

Researcher on issues of cause and effect in cognitive approach to gambling?

A

Becona et al

24
Q

Becona et al?

A

Found a major depressive disorder evident in the majority of pathological gamblers

25
Q

Contradicting evidence for cognitive approach to gambling?

A

Delfabbro et al

26
Q

Delfabbro et al?

A

Pathological gamblers just as accurate as non-gamblers in estimating odds of winning

27
Q

Cognitive approach to smoking initiation?

A

Expectancy theory

28
Q

Research on expectancy theory?

A

Brandon et al

29
Q

Brandon et al (initiation)?

A

Escalation due to costs vs. benefits

30
Q

Kassel et al?

A

Adolescent smokers commonly report smoking due to negative mood states

31
Q

Mermelstein et al?

A

Expectancy of positive mood states is the main reason for initiation of smoking

32
Q

Cognitive approach to smoking maintenance?

A

Automatic processing

33
Q

Research on automatic processing?

A

Brandon et al

34
Q

Brandon et al (maintenance)?

A

As an addiction develops activity is influenced less by conscious expectancies and more by unconscious ones

35
Q

Tate et al?

A

Smokers told to expect no negative experiences during abstinence had less

36
Q

Cognitive approach to smoking relapse?

A

Assessing costs and benefits

37
Q

Research on assessing costs and benefits?

A

Devries and Backbier

38
Q

Devries and Backbier?

A

Perceptions of pros and cons of quitting affect quitting behaviour

39
Q

Strengths of cognitive approach to smoking?

A

Treatment implications

Supporting research

40
Q

Treatment implications of cognitive approach to smoking?

A

Moolchan et al

41
Q

Moolchan et al?

A

Nicotine patches could increase cessation rates and reduce relapse rates, but only when with CBT to challenge positive expectancies

42
Q

Support for cognitive approach to smoking?

A

Juliano and Brandon

43
Q

Juliano and Brandon?

A

Smokers had greater expectancies that cigarettes alleviate negative mood states and cravings, and had a positive effect on weight compared to NRT, explaining low success rates

Psychology - PSYA4 (16 decks)

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