Addiction - Cognitive Flashcards
Main researcher on cognitive approach to addiction?
Beck
Beck?
The ‘vicious cycle’ - …low mood -> coping by using -> financial, social and medical problems…
Examples of how addiction is used as a coping mechanism?
Mood regulation, performance enhancement, distraction
Weaknesses of cognitive approach to addiction?
Addiction or excess
Addiction or excess in cognitive approach to addiction?
Expectancy theory is concerned with excesses and problematic behaviour rather than addiction and loss of control
Initiation in cognitive approach to gambling addiction?
Self-medication - gambling is judged as helping
Research on cognitive approach to gambling initiation?
Gelkopf et al
Gelkopf et al?
Individuals use forms of pathological behaviour to treat psychological symptoms
Maintenance in cognitive approach to gambling?
Role of irrational beliefs
Research on cognitive approach to gambling maintenance?
Oei and Gordon
Oei and Gordon?
Maintenance of gambling due to cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs
Examples of irrational beliefs in gambling?
‘Gamblers fallacy’ (belief gambling is influenced by recent events), illusions of control, exaggerated self-confidence, attribute success to skill not chance
Griffiths?
Regular gamblers are more likely to stay on until they lost all money, explain possess as near wins, make irrational verbalisations, believe they’re skilful, etc.
Relapse in cognitive approach to gambling?
Recall bias and ‘just world’ hypothesis
Research on recall bias?
Blanco et al
Blanco et al?
Tendency to remember and overestimate wins
‘Just world’ hypothesis?
Belief in an eventual, ‘deserved’ reward
Strengths of cognitive approach to gambling?
Treatment implications
Weaknesses of cognitive approach to gambling?
Ethical issues
Cause or effect?
Contradicting evidence
Ethical issues in cognitive approach to gambling?
Studies such as Griffiths encouraged gambling
Treatment implications of cognitive approach to gambling?
Different motivations for gambling leads to differing approaches to treating the addiction
Examples of treatment implications of cognitive approach to gambling?
Treating underlying mood problems in self-medicators, CBT on those with irrational beliefs
Researcher on issues of cause and effect in cognitive approach to gambling?
Becona et al
Becona et al?
Found a major depressive disorder evident in the majority of pathological gamblers
Contradicting evidence for cognitive approach to gambling?
Delfabbro et al
Delfabbro et al?
Pathological gamblers just as accurate as non-gamblers in estimating odds of winning
Cognitive approach to smoking initiation?
Expectancy theory
Research on expectancy theory?
Brandon et al
Brandon et al (initiation)?
Escalation due to costs vs. benefits
Kassel et al?
Adolescent smokers commonly report smoking due to negative mood states
Mermelstein et al?
Expectancy of positive mood states is the main reason for initiation of smoking
Cognitive approach to smoking maintenance?
Automatic processing
Research on automatic processing?
Brandon et al
Brandon et al (maintenance)?
As an addiction develops activity is influenced less by conscious expectancies and more by unconscious ones
Tate et al?
Smokers told to expect no negative experiences during abstinence had less
Cognitive approach to smoking relapse?
Assessing costs and benefits
Research on assessing costs and benefits?
Devries and Backbier
Devries and Backbier?
Perceptions of pros and cons of quitting affect quitting behaviour
Strengths of cognitive approach to smoking?
Treatment implications
Supporting research
Treatment implications of cognitive approach to smoking?
Moolchan et al
Moolchan et al?
Nicotine patches could increase cessation rates and reduce relapse rates, but only when with CBT to challenge positive expectancies
Support for cognitive approach to smoking?
Juliano and Brandon
Juliano and Brandon?
Smokers had greater expectancies that cigarettes alleviate negative mood states and cravings, and had a positive effect on weight compared to NRT, explaining low success rates
