Adaptations of plants in different water levels

Question 1

How do plants on the land be adapted to with water?

Answer 1

Reduce and replace the water lost

Question 2

How do terrestrial plants reduce their water loss?

Answer 2

• Waxy cuticle on the tops of leaves to stop evaporation through the epidermis
• Stomata are under a leaf so they are protected against the suns direct heat
• Stomata close at night
• Deciduous plants lose their leaves in the winter when it is too cold for photosynthesis

Question 3

What is a xerophyte?

Answer 3

A plant that is adapted to living in arid conditions

Question 4

How is marram grass adapted to its environment with its leaves rolling?

Answer 4

The leaves roll up longitudinally so the air is trapped inside so the air becomes humid, reducing water loss. It rolls up even tighter in dryer conditions

Question 5

How is marram grass adapted to its environment with its waxy cuticle?

Answer 5

The cuticle is thicker on the outside of the rolled leaf so the evaporation is reduced

Question 6

How is marram grass adapted to its environment with its stomata position?

Answer 6

Stomata are in the inner side o the rolled leaf so they are protected by the enclosed air space

Question 7

How is marram grass adapted to its environment with its stomata structure?

Answer 7

They are in pits in the lower epidermis, which are folded with hairs so that the air movement is reduced, causing less water lost

Question 8

What is a succulent?

Answer 8

They store water in their stems which become fleshy and swollen. The stem is often ribbed or fluted so that it can expand when water is available

Question 9

How are cacti adapted with their spikes?

Answer 9

Leaves are reduced to spikes to decrease the SA of the leaves so less water lost

Question 10

How are cacti adapted with their stems?

Answer 10

Green for photosynthesis

Question 11

How are cacti adapted with their roots?

Answer 11

Roots are very widespread so it can take advantage of any rain fall

Question 12

What is a xerophyte feature with the stomata?

Answer 12

Stomata closes when there is little water to reduce the need to bring up water

Question 13

What is a xerophyte feature with the leaf water potential?

Answer 13

The high salt concentration of the leaves means a lower water potential, reducing water evaporating from the leaves

Question 14

What is a xerophyte feature with the roots?

Answer 14

Roots can go very deep so they can reach water deep underground

Question 15

What is as hydrophyte?

Answer 15

Plants that live in water

Question 16

How is a hydrophyte adapted with their leaves?

Answer 16

They have large air spaces in the leaf do that it can float and absorb sunlight

Question 17

How is a hydrophyte adapted with their stomata?

Answer 17

They are on the upper epidermis so that are exposed to the air for gas exchange

Question 18

How is a hydrophyte adapted with their leaf stems?

Answer 18

They have large air spaces for buoyancy and allowing oxygen to diffuse quickly to the roots for aerobic respiration

Question 19

How do hydrophytes transpire?

Answer 19

There are structures called hydathodes that release water droplets that can evaporate from the leaf surface

Question 20

Why is it difficult for hydrophytes to transpire?

Answer 20

The high humidity or because water can’t evaporate into water, so water can’t be transpirated around the plant