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PHAR1803 > Acute Sinusitis > Flashcards

Acute Sinusitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

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2
Q

What is sinusitis triggered by?

A

Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infection(URTI)

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3
Q

How does sinusitis spread within the nose?

A

It spreads from the nasal cavity into the sinuses

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4
Q

Which part of the nose becomes inflamed during sinusitis?

A

Lining of the nasal cavity

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5
Q

If the lining of the nasal cavity is inflamed, what happens to the mucous?

What would normally happen

A

The mucous which would normally flow through the narrow channels to drain into the nose would be blocked

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6
Q

What effect does a blockage of mucous (lack of drainage) have on the sinuses?

A

Creates pressure and pain

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7
Q

What is followed by the primary infection of sinusitis?

A

Bacterial Secondary infection

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8
Q

How common is a secondary bacterial infection following sinusitis?

A

2 in 100 cases

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9
Q

What symptoms are presented during sinusitis?

A

-Pain and tenderness affecting sinuses
-Throbbing pain which often gets worse when bending forwards
-Green/yellow discharge from the nose
-Headache
-Blocked nose
-Loss of smell
-Fever

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10
Q

How long does it take for symptoms of sinusitis to improve?

A

7-10 days

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11
Q

How long does it take for symptoms of sinusitis to resolve?

A

2-3 weeks, but may take as long as 12 weeks

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12
Q

What age group is sinusitis more prevalent in?

A

Can occur in any age group but is more common in children

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13
Q

Why is sinusitis more common in children?

A

Their sinuses have not yet fully developed

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14
Q

What advice should you give patients with symptoms of sinusitis for 10 days or less?

A

Antibiotics unlikely to be appropriate

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15
Q

Why are antibiotics inappropriate for sinusitis?

A

The are inappropriate because of the likely cause of infection and the expected timeframe

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16
Q

Is sinusitis more likely to be viral or bacterial?

A

Viral

17
Q

Is sinusitis self-limiting

A

Yes, both viral and bacterial are

18
Q

Should analgesia be provided for sinusitis?

A

Yes

19
Q

What is analgesia?

A

Used to manage pain and fever

20
Q

Which analgesia should be provided?

A

Paracetamol or Ibuprofen

21
Q

What can be done about the congestion associated with sinusitis?

A

-Saline nasal drops
-Xylometazoline
-Pseudoephedrine
-Steam inhalation

22
Q

What is Xylometazoline?

A

A decongestant nasal spray

23
Q

How long can xylometazoline be used for in the treatment of sinusitis?

A

7 days

24
Q

Why shouldn’t xylometazoline be used for more than 7 days?

A

Rebound congestion

25
Q

What is Pseudoephedrine?

A

A decongestant tablet or component in other formulations

26
Q

Caution should be taken when dispensing pseudoephedrine to patients with which underlying conditions?

A

Glaucoma and hypertension

27
Q

What is the legal maximum pseudoephedrine that can be dispensed in one transaction?

A

720mg per transaction

28
Q

What should be prescribed if the patient has had sinusitis for more than 10 days?

A

Consider prescribing a high dose nasal corticosteroid spray

29
Q

How long should the high-dose nasal corticosteroid spray for treating chronic sinusitis be prescribed for?

A

14 days

30
Q

What should be considered if sinusitis symptoms persist for more than 10 days?

A

Dental Infection

31
Q

Should a backup antibiotic prescription be dispensed for chronic sinusitis?

A

Yes, it is to be used if symptoms do not improve within 7 days or worsen suddenly or significantly

32
Q

What safety netting advice should you give a patient with sinusitis?

A

The patient should return to seek medical advice if:
-Symptoms worsen suddenly or significantly
-Symptoms do not improve within 3-5 days of initial treatment
-They cannot tolerate the antibiotic (if prescribed)
-Becomes systemically unwell

33
Q

Red flag management of sinusitis

A

-Chronic or recurring sinusitis
-Medical conditions such as nasal polyps, which could complicate treatment
-Experience repeated treatment failures

PHAR1803 (27 decks)

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