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HEMA2 > Acute myeloproliferative leukemia/acute nonlymphocytic leukemias > Flashcards

Acute myeloproliferative leukemia/acute nonlymphocytic leukemias Flashcards

1
Q

ANLL is a general term applied to __ involving cells other than _

A

all acute leukemias

lymphocytes

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2
Q

Characterized by immature marrow cells that have been blocked at an undifferentiated or partially differentiated stage of maturation with or without involvement of the peripheral blood

A

Acute myeloproliferative leukemia

acute nonlymphocytic leukemias

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3
Q

AML

Characterized by reduced __ cell numbers

A

myeloid

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4
Q

AML A progressive malignant disease of

A

hematopoietic tissues

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5
Q

Generally unknown but a combination of several factors

A

RADIATION
CHEMICALS (LEUKEMOGENS)
GENETICS
VIRUSES

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6
Q

Cytotoxic cancer treatments :
– treatment for multiple myeloma
– Hodgkin disease
– Immunoinflammatory disorders

– potentially carcinogenic

A

Phenylalanine mustard/Cyclophosphamide

Alkylating agents

Immunosuppressive agents

BENZENE

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7
Q

– confirms the malignancy is both ACUTE and NONLYMPHOCYTIC!

A

Presence of AUER RODS

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8
Q

5 enzymes have been standardized by the ICSH

A

PEROXIDASE
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
ACID PHOSPHATASE
SPECIFIC ESTERASES (CHLOROACETATE ESTERASE)
NON-SPECIFIC ESTERASE (a-NAPHTYL ACETATE)

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9
Q

PEROXIDASE – promotes staining of _ in __

A

granules in neutrophilic and eosinophilic cells

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10
Q

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

A

MPD (increased) and AML (decreased)

seen in white blood cells

absent or decreased in chronic myelogenous leukemia

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11
Q

ACID PHOSPHATASE –

A 
Intense activity 
Moderate staining 
Weak reactions
Very little 
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase reaction
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12
Q

ACID PHOSPHATASE –

Intense activity is present in

A

=osteoclasts and some

=macrophages.

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13
Q

ACID PHOSPHATASE –

Moderate staining is seen in

A

plasma cells,
megakaryocytes, and
monocytes.

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14
Q

ACP

Weak reactions can be observed in

A 
neutrophils, 
bands, 
metamyelocytes, 
myelocytes, and 
promyelocytes.
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15
Q

Very little acid phosphatase activity is present in

A

normal lymphocytes and erythroblasts.

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16
Q

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase reaction diffusely prominent in the _ is highly characteristic of __

A

cytoplasm of neoplastic cells

hairy-cell leukemia.

17
Q 
SPECIFIC ESTERASES (CHLOROACETATE ESTERASE) –
Present in the non-specific granules of
A

promyelocytes and of neutrophils.

18
Q

NON-SPECIFIC ESTERASE (a-NAPHTYL ACETATE) –
Is strongest in
It is also positive in

A

monocytes, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and platelets.

basophils and plasma cells.

19
Q

In the blood from normal people, the cytoplasm of polymorphonuclear leukocytes stains intensely pink or red, with granular appearance in some cells.

A

PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF (PAS) STAIN

20
Q

PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF (PAS) STAIN

stains faintly pink and may contain fine or coarse granules.

do not stain.
stain intensely.

A

Monocyte cytoplasm
Erythrocytes
Earliest granulocyte precursors
Platelets

21
Q

Cytoplasmic staining increases with increasing maturity of the granulocytic cells.

A

PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF (PAS) STAIN

22
Q
A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia.

23
Q

SUDAN BLACK –

stains granules of __ and to a lesser degree __ BUT NOT

A

granulocytes
monocytes

lymphocytes

24
Q

Specific criteria is based on two factors:

A

Direction of cell line differentiation

Degree of maturation of the proliferating cells

25
Q 
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5a
M5b
M6
M7
A

-ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA WITHOUT MATURATION
-ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA WITH MATURATION
-HYPERGRANULAR PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
M3m – MICROGRANULAR PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
-ACUTE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
-POORLY DIFFERENTIATED ACUTE MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
-WELL DIFFERENTITAED ACUTE MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
-ACUTE ERYTHROLEUKEMIA
-ACUTE MEGAKARYOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

HEMA2 (17 decks)

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