Acute Blood Loss Flashcards
Anemia results from blood loss may be caused by either ?
Acute or chronic problems
Acute blood loss occurs as a result of sudden?
Hemorrhage
The sources of chronic blood loss are similar to those as ?
Example?
Iron deficiency anemia
Slow bleeding stomach ulcer
What are causes of acute blood loss? (3)
Trauma
Complications of surgery
Conditions or disease that disrupt vascular integrity
What are the major 2 concerns in conditions or disease that disrupt vascular integrity?
Sudden reduction in the total blood vascular volume can lead to
- Hypovolemic shock
- Body compensated by increasing plasma volume but RBC remain low
While the body will maintain its blood volume by increasing the plasma volume. This will help preserver circulating fluid volume
However the number of red blood cell available to carry 02 will?
Significant decrease
Clinical manifestations for acute blood loss are related to?
Body’s attempts to maintain adequate circulating volume and meet O2 requiments
What is more important
Clinical signs & symptoms
Or
Laboratory valves?
Clinical signs & symptoms
How long will it take for loss to be reflected in labs?
48 hours
Manifestations
10% - 500 ML
None or rare vasovagal syncope
Manifestations
20% -100ML
(2)
No detectable signs or symptoms at rest
Increase heart rate with exercise & slight postural hypotension
( exertion )
Manifestations
30% - 1500 ML
( 2)
Normal supine blood pressure and pulse at rest
Postural hypotension &
Increase greatly with exercise
Manifestation
40% - 2000ML
(2)
BP central venous pressure and cardiac output below normal at rest
Air hungry, rapid, thready pulse and cold clammy skin
Manifestations
50% - 2500 ML (3)
Shock
Lactic acidosis
Potential death
Acute blood loss
Manifestations (3)
(5) (2) (1)
Pain
- internal hemorrhage
( Tissue distention, organ displacement, nerve compression )
Retropertioneal bleeding
- numbness
- pain in lower extremities
Shock
What is the major complication in acute blood loss?
Shock
When patients are complaining about pain of acute blood loss they are going into?
Shock
Acute blood loss
Diagnostic studies
With sudden blood volume loss, patients lab may?
However once the plasma volume is replaced, we can?
Such as ^ (3)
Seem normal or high for 2 to 3 days
We can see low RBC concentrations
Low RBC, HGB, HCT
Acute blood loss
Nursing management
What are we going to do as nurses? (4)
Replace blood volume to prevent shock
Identify the source of the hemorrhage and stopping blood loss
Correcting RBC loss
Providing supplemental iron
1 unit of packed RBC will increase hgb by how much?
1 point
1 point drop of HGB is how many units of blood loss?
1
First sign of patients blood loss before going into shock is?
Heart rate increase
Later sign of shock is?
Low blood pressure
Biggest thing you can do as nurse for acute blood loss is ?
Giving a unit of packed rbc
( blood transfusion )
