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A Level History: America 1865-1975 > Acts/Amendments passed > Flashcards

Acts/Amendments passed Flashcards

1
Q

Thirteenth Amendment

A

1864 - Formally freed all slaves in the USA

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2
Q

Civil Rights Bill (Reconstruction)

A

1866 - Gave minimum rights to African Americans

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3
Q

Fourteenth Amendment

A

1868 - All US citizens were guaranteed equality before the law

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4
Q

Military Reconstruction Bill

A

1867 - Imposed military rule on the South unless they accepted black suffrage and the Fourteenth amendment

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5
Q

Command of the Army Act

A

1867 - Reduced Johnson’s military power

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6
Q

Tenure of Office Act

A

1867 - Prevented Johnson from removing a host of office-holders

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7
Q

Fifteenth Amendment

A

1869 - Right to vote should not be denied on account of race, colour, or previous conditions of servitude

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8
Q

Homestead Act

A

1862 - Gave 160 acres of free land to farmers in the West provided that they farm it for five years

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9
Q

Timber and Culture Act

A

1873 - Gave an additional 160 acres of free land provided 40 acres were planted with trees

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10
Q

Desert and Land Act

A

1877 - Offered a further 640 acres of land at $1.25 dollars an acre provided some of it was irrigated

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11
Q

Pacific Railroad Act

A

1862 - Authorised the construction of a transcontinental railroad

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12
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

1823 - US policy was to avoid involvement in European wars unless American interests were involved or threatened

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13
Q

Pendleton Act

A

1883 - Established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation

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14
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

1882 - Prohibited Chinese immigration for 10 years

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15
Q

Dawes General Allotment Act

A

1887 - Broke up Native American reservation land into units held by individuals or families, those who accepted this and ‘adopted habits of civilised life’ would be granted citizenship after 25 years

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16
Q

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

A

1890 - Government had to buy 4.5 million ounces of silver each month to use in production of coinage

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17
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A

1890 - Any trust that restricted trade between states or between foreign nations was declared illegal

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18
Q

Hepburn Act

A

1906 - Gave federal government commission to inspect book of railroad companies and lay down maximum rates they could charge

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19
Q

Federal Reserve Act

A

1913 - Created the first central banking system in the USA

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20
Q

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

A

1914 - Gave more powers for enforcing the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and made certain business practices illegal

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21
Q

Underwood Tariff Act

A

1913 - Reduced many duties and freed certain items from duties entirely

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22
Q

Sixteenth Amendment

A

1913 - Introduced federal income tax

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23
Q

Revenue Act

A

1916 - Taxed business profits and estates as well as incomes

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24
Q

Workmen’s Compensation Act

A

1916 - Ensured federal employees absent from work because of injury/illness received financial assistance

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25
Q

Adamson Act

A

1916 - Laid down a maximum 8 hour day for railroad workers

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26
Q

Seventeenth Amendment

A

1913 - States must elect US senators by direct popular vote

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27
Q

Eighteenth Amendment

A

1919 - Enforced prohibition

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28
Q

Nineteenth Amendment

A

1920 - Secured voting rights for women nationwide

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29
Q

Literacy Act

A

1917 - All foreigners wishing to enter the US had to take a literacy

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30
Q

Immigration Quota Act

A

1921 - This introduced a quota system, immigrants were allowed in as a proportion to the number of people of the same nationality who were in America in 1910

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31
Q

Immigration Act

A

1929 - Fixed immigration at 150000 per year

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32
Q

Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act

A

1930 - Protected US farmers by increasing import duties on foreign goods

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33
Q

Emergency Relief Act

A

1932 - Gave $300 million to state governments to help the unemployed

34
Q

Agricultural Adjustment Act

A

1933 - Government would subsidise farmers to reduce their production voluntarily

35
Q

Emergency Banking Relief Act

A

1933 - Gave the Treasury power to investigate banks threatened with collapse and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to support them and take on their debts

36
Q

Glass-Steagall Act

A

1933 - Prevented Commercial banks from involvement in banking that fuelled the 1920’s speculation

37
Q

Securities Act

A

1934 - Set up the SEC which would oversee the stock market activities and prevent fraudulent activities

38
Q

National Industry Recovery Act

A

1933 - Introduced the National Recovery Administration and the Public Works Administration

39
Q

Federal Emergency Relief Act

A

1933 - Established the FERA and was given $500 million divided between the states to help the unemployed

40
Q

National Labor Relations Act / Wagner Act

A

1935 - Gave rights to employees to engage in collective bargaining for better conditions at work and take collective action including strike if necessary through TUs

41
Q

Social Security Act

A

1935 - Provided old-age pensions paid by employers and employee contributions and unemployment insurance paid by payroll taxes

42
Q

The Banking Act

A

1935 - Gave the federal government control of banking in the USA

43
Q

Truman Act

A

1947 - Offered support to countries struggling against Communism

44
Q

Marshall Aid

A

1948 - Offered $13 billion to help European countries to recover from the effects of the Second World War

45
Q

Civil Rights Act

A

1964 - Banned discrimination in public places and in employment

46
Q

Voting Rights Act

A

1965 - Ensured voting procedures were carried out properly

47
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A

1865 - US agency set up for a year to help former slaves, provided advise on education and employment

48
Q

Johnson’s Presidency

49
Q

Command of the Army Act

A

1867 - Reduced Johnson’s military powers

50
Q

Order of Reconstruction

A
  1. Presidential (Pardons and vetoes of Civ Right Act)
  2. Congressional (14th Amendment, Reconstruction, TofO, CofA Acts)
  3. Radical (15th Amendment)
51
Q

Result of Johnson impeachment

A

One vote short of 2/3 majority needed for his impeachment

52
Q

First stock market crash

53
Q

Ten Percent Plan

A

1864 - Rebel states admitted if ten percent of electorate agreed an oath of allegiance to US and supported acts of congress

54
Q

Wade Davis Bill

A

1865 - 50% of electorate required to swear oath of allegiance to US, accept abolition of slavery and those in confederacy excluded from future role in government (Lincoln vetoed)

55
Q

Why did Reconstruction lose momentum?

A

Mounting opposition from white terrorist groups and the ‘redeemers’ (Democrats in the South), support for Reconstruction in Congress reduced

56
Q

Colfax Massacre

57
Q

How did the South get around voting laws and prevent African Americans from voting?

A

Literacy tests

58
Q

Grant’s Presidency

59
Q

Civil Rights Act (2nd Reconstruction)

A

1875 - Guaranteed equal treatment in issues such as jury service and public transport

60
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Hayes agreed to remove federal troops from the South if he became president

61
Q

Why did the compromise of 1877 end Reconstruction?

A

It removed forces which were intended to implement the principles of the 14th and 15th Amendments

62
Q

Hayes’ Presidency

63
Q

Garfield’s assassination

64
Q

Arthur’s Presidency

65
Q

Cleveland’s Presidencies

A

1884-1888, 1892-1896

66
Q

Harrison’s Presidency

67
Q

How many immigrants between 1860-90?

A

10 million

68
Q

Great Railroad Strike

69
Q

How many universities for African Americans were set up between 1866-68

70
Q

First Transcontinental Railroad completed

71
Q

Oklahoma Land Rush

72
Q

Difference in Native American population between 1860 and 1890

A

From 500,000, to almost half that

73
Q

Steel production 1875 to 1900

A

360,000 tons to 60 million tons

74
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Idea of America’s right to become a continental nation fro sea to sea

75
Q

Purchase of Alaska

76
Q

How much did the US buy Alaska for?

A

$7.2 million

77
Q

Sand Creek massacre

A

1864 - Killing and mutilating of mainly elderly men, women and children

78
Q

Battle of the Little Bighorn

A

1876 - Defeat of US army

79
Q

Wounded Knee

A

1890 - Massacre of 150+ Native Americans

80
Q

The Great Sioux War

A

1876 - Discovery of Gold in Black Hills, government failed to keep prospectors out, tried to offer $6 mil for Black Hills, thought Native Americans were being unreasonable, those who didn’t return to reservations treated as hostile

81
Q

Haymarket Bomb

A

1886 - 11 killed

82
Q

Turner Thesis

A

1893 - End of the frontier, America had become a nation sea to sea

A Level History: America 1865-1975 (26 decks)

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