Activity Modification/TR Theory Flashcards
what are principles of activity modification?
- > Keep the activity as close to the original activity as possible.
- This allows clients to learn skills that could be transferable to inclusive settings
- > Modify only the aspects of the activity that need adapting.
- Ian individual with a cognitive disability may only need modifications to the rules
- > Individualize the modification
- Helps clients to reach individualized goals and objectives
- > Modifications should be as temporary as possible.
- Purpose is to help individual to build skills to assist them in participating in regular activity to fullest extent.
when making activity modifications, what are questions to ask yourself?
- What are the goals for the activity, session or client?
- Are appropriate facilities available?
- Is necessary equipment available?
- Are there enough participants for the activity?
- Are qualified staff available in sufficient numbers?
- Do clients have the physical skills necessary?
- Do clients have the cognitive skills necessary?
- Do clients have the social skills necessary?
- Do participants have the emotional skills necessary?
- Is the total modified activity appropriate & feasible to conduct?
- Does the activity still meet the goal and objective?
what is theory?
- A plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena
- The analysis of a set of facts in their relation to one another
- A belief, policy, or procedure proposed or followed as the basis of action
why is theory important?
-Guides the development of models of practice that guide our TR practice
-Framework that combines, organizes, and synthesizes concepts from a body of knowledge
-Provides a logical, scientific basis for explaining and predicting a phenomenon
-Basis for developing and testing new knowledge
to advance clinical practice
-Provide a conceptual base to plan interventions that promote change
what is deficits-based theory?
- individual problems
- root of problem, pathology,limitations
- nature of problem, pathology,limitations
- symptoms
- corrects, fixes, remedies
- learned helplessness
- professionals knowledge and expertise
what is strengths- based theory?
- individuals within context and environment
- capacity (Indiv & envir) for well-being
- nature of strengths, capacities, interests, talents and abilities
- pathways toward well-being
- facilitates potential, resilience, well-being and happiness
- learned optimism, empowerment
- empowers individual-knowledge and expertise
what is positive psychology? (seligman)
- Scientific study of the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
- Belief that people want to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives, to cultivate what is best within themselves, and enhance their experiences of love, work, and play
what enables us to flourish?
- > Positive emotions and experiences
- Cultivating positive emotion enriches life and helps guide us through hard times
- > Positive individual traits
- Abilities, character strength, virtues
- > Positive relationships
- > Positive and enabling institutions
- Strengths that help build strong communities; justice, tolerance, leadership, democracy, teamwork, responsibility
*50% of happiness is determined genetically (‘baseline’), 10% life circumstances, 40% we control!
what are thinking and behaviour patterns of happy people?
- nurturing relationships with family & friends
- grateful, express gratitude
- offer help
- practice optimism
- present-focused, savour pleasures
- exercise regularly
- lifelong goals & ambitions
- when faced with adversity, cope with poise & inner strength
what are some TR theories?
- Learned helplessness
- Learned optimism
- Self-determination
- Self-efficacy
- Optimal arousal/incongruity
- Flow
- Leisure coping
- Normalization
- Social role valorization
what is learned helplessness and what does it result in?
-After experiencing failure, helplessness & hopelessness are learned
Results in:
- unwillingness to believe that behaviour makes a difference
- inability to perceive personal causation
- heightened emotions
what is the role of TR in learned helplessness?
enhance sense of control in leisure experiences - translates to life in general
(competence + choice = perceived control)
what is learned optimism?
- Can acquire cognitive skills that shift habitual pessimism toward optimism
- Thoughts influence feelings which influence behaviours
- Make permanent & universal explanations for good events; temporary & specific explanations for bad events
what is self-determination?
- perceive greater control = greater motivation, competency & autonomy
- more aware of values, beliefs & preferences
- leads to more full participation in life
- more likely to take responsibility for our choices & regulate our behaviour
- enhances self-worth & self-advocacy
what are the dimensions of self-determination?
- Autonomy
- Self-actualization
- Self-regulation
