Activity 2 & 2.5: Chemicals Flashcards
A highly pure, stable, and non-hygroscopic reagent used to prepare standard solutions for titrations and other analytical techniques.
primary standard grade
Purity is generally equal to ACS grade. This grade is suitable for analytical work and is more than adequate for general lab use.
reagent grade
An upper-level intermediate quality.
Exact impurities is unknown; however, it’s usually pure enough for most educational laboratories.
laboratory grade
A good-quality grade used industrially. Use caution when substituting for reagent-grade or lab-grade chemicals.
technical grade
It is the highest quality, often equals or exceeds the latest purity standards set by the American Chemical Society (ACS). This is the only universally accepted standard. Chemicals are of the highest purity attainable.
reagent acs grade
A grade of sufficient purity to meet the standards of the National Formulary (NF).
USOP or NF Grade
Meets no official standard; it is not pure enough to be offered for food, drug, or medicinal use of any kind.
practical grade
often used for general purposes where high purity is not critical, such as in educational laboratories or certain industrial applications
ungraded
R1 - S1 (keep locked up)
R2 - S2 (keep out of children)
R3 - S3 (keep in cool place)
- explosive when dry
- risk of explosion by shock friction, fire (ignition)
- extreme risk of explosion by shock friction, fire (ignition)
R4 - S4 (keep away from quarters)
R5 - S5 (keep under - depends)
R6 - S6 (keep under - depends)
- explosive metallic compounds
- heating may cause explosion
- explosive w or w/o contact w air
R7 - S7 (keep away from quarters)
R8 - S8 (keep under - depends)
R9 - S9 (keep under - depends)
R10 - S10 (keep contents wet)
- may cause fire
- combustible material may cause fire
- Econtact with combustible material may cause fire
- flammable
Depicted by a flame symbol, this pictogram warns that a chemical can catch fire easily at normal temperatures.
flammable
Illustrated by a skull and crossbones, this pictogram indicates that the substance can cause serious or fatal health effects from a single exposure or a short-term exposure.
acute toxicity
Represented by a flame over a circle, this symbol indicates that a substance can cause or enhance the combustion of other materials
oxidizing
Depicted by a dead fish and a tree, this symbol signifies that the chemical can cause harm to aquatic life and the environment.
environmental hazard
Depicted by a test tube pouring liquid onto a hand and a surface, this symbol warns that the substance can cause severe skin burns or eye damage and can corrode materials.
corrosive
The potential for severe damage, injury, or death due to the sudden release of energy. Explosives can cause structural collapse, fires, and blast injuries.
explosive
The potential for explosions, fires, and asphyxiation if the gas is released uncontrollably. Compressed gasses can also cause frostbite if they are not handled properly.
compressed gas
A substance or condition that can cause harm to human health, either through direct contact, inhalation, or ingestion.
health hazard
A substance that causes irritation or inflammation when it comes into contact with the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
irritant
A biological substance that poses a threat to human health or the environment. This includes infectious agents, toxins, and genetically modified organisms.
biohazard
COPPER
acetylene and hydrogen peroxide
Forms explosive compounds; risk of fire or explosion.
SODIUM
Water and Ethanol
Violent reaction, generates flammable hydrogen gas and heat.
AMMONIA
Chlorine and Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach)
Produces toxic chloramine vapors, potential for harmful fumes.
SULFURIC ACID
Water and Acetic Acid
Highly exothermic reaction, can cause burns and release of toxic vapors.
POTASSIUM
Water and Ethanol
Reacts violently, releasing heat and flammable hydrogen gas, potential explosion.
NITRIC ACID
Acetone and Sodium Hydroxide
Highly exothermic, can cause combustion or explosion; releases toxic fumes.
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Ethanol and Hydrochloric Acid
Can cause rapid decomposition, heat, and potential explosions.
PHOSPHOROUS
Air and Potassium Permanganate
Ignites spontaneously in air and reacts violently with strong oxidizers.
ZINC
Hydrochloric Acid and Ammonium Nitrate
Reacts with acids to release hydrogen gas; with ammonium compounds, forms explosive mixtures.
LITHIUM
Water and Sulfuric Acid
Reacts violently, releasing heat and hydrogen gas, which can ignite.
Corrosive - May be harmful to the eyes and skin. Store separate from combustible and flammable chemicals
white
Reactive/ Oxidizer- May react violently with water, air or other chemicals. Store separately from combustible and flammable reagents.
yellow
Flammable- Store separately only with other flammable chemicals.
red
Toxic- Chemicals are hazardous when ingested, inhaled/ absorbed through the skin. Store separately in a secured area.
blue
General Chemical Storage- Reagents present no more than a moderate hazard in any category.
green/gray/orange
Incompatible with other reagents of the same color code. Store separately
stripes
the formal or official name that defines the chemical composition and structure in accordance with IUPAC nomenclature guidelines (for example, “dihydrogen monoxide” for water).
Ethanoic acid
Sodium chloride
Hydrogen chloride
systematic name
does not clearly define a particular chemical but is used in a lab, trade, or industry.
Copper sulfate: Copper(I) sulfate; Copper(II) sulfate
Alcohol: Ethanol; Isopropanol;
Methanol Sulfide: Hydrogen Sulfide; Sodium Sulfide; Iron Sulfide
vernacular name
special number that the Chemical Abstracts Service assigns to a chemical (for example, “7732-18-5” for water).
Ethanoic acid: 64-19-7
Sodium chloride: 7647-14-5
Hydrogen chloride: 7647-01-0
CAS NUMBER
term that is most frequently used to refer to a chemical in ordinary speech, such as “water” for H2O.
Acetic acid
Table salt
Hydrochloric acid
common name
older or historical names that were in use before contemporary nomenclature (e.g., “aqua” for water).
Spirit of vinegar
Common salt
Muriatic acid
archaic name
