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(SLU) PHARMA 113L > ACTIVITY 1: Laboratory apparatus > Flashcards

ACTIVITY 1: Laboratory apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

RAMP

A

Recognize the hazards

Assess the risks of the hazards

Minimize the risks of the hazards

Prepare for emergencies from uncontrolled hazards

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2
Q

Research:
Protects public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability

A

CDC
Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention

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3
Q

Regulatory:
Environmental, safety, and health hazard

A

EPA
Environmental Protection Agency

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4
Q

Fire and building codes:
Reduces the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards

A

NFPA
National Fire Protection Association

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5
Q

Research:
Conducts research and recommends ways to prevent
injury and illness

A

NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

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6
Q

Regulatory:
Safety and health hazards in the workplace

A

OSHA
Occupational Safety and
Health Administration

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7
Q

any source of potential damage or harm to an individual’s health or life under certain conditions, whether at work or in the home.

A

hazard

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8
Q

chance or probability of a person being harmed or experiencing an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard

A

risk

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9
Q

process of estimating the probability of harm from a hazard
(the severity of the hazard multiplied by the probability of exposure to the hazard) by
considering the process or the laboratory procedure that will be used with the hazard.

A

risk assessment

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10
Q
  • an internationally adopted system for the classification and labeling of hazardous chemicals
  • includes established criteria for
    classifying hazards and for further categorizing (or rating) the hazards according to their relative risks
  • provides established language and symbols for each hazard class and each category within a class
A

Globally Harmonized System (GHS)

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11
Q
  • This language includes a signal word, a symbol or pictogram, a hazard statement, and precautionary statements for safely using the chemical.
  • the LOWER the number, the
    GREATER the severity of the hazard
  • developed to identify to the user of a material both the hazards and the risks associated with chemicals.
A

Globally Harmonized System (GHS)

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12
Q
  • developed a hazard identification system for emergency responders that is still in use today
  • provides a quick visual representation of the health hazard, flammability, reactivity, and special hazards that a chemical may pose during a fire

blue
red
yellow
white

A

NFPA diamond

health hazard
flammability
reactivity

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13
Q
  • designed to convey safety information to emergency first responders, such as fire fighters
  • not designed to notify the
    user of the hazards of chemicals in the laboratory setting
A

NFPA system

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14
Q

BLUE DIAMOND

A

health hazard

deadly
extreme danger
hazardous
slightly hazardous
normal material

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15
Q

RED DIAMOND

A

fire hazard

below 73*
below 100F
above 100F, not exceeding 200F
above 200
will not burn

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16
Q

YELLOW DIAMOND

A

reactivity

may detonate
shock and heat, may detonate
violent chemical change
unstable if heated
stable

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17
Q

WHITE DIAMOND

A

special hazard

ACID - acid
ALK - alkali
COR - corrosive
OXY - oxidizer
radioactive
use no water

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18
Q

Fire Triangle

A

oxygen
heat
fuel

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19
Q

Fire Tetrahedron

A

oxygen
heat
fuel
chemical reaction

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20
Q

Class of Fire
A
B
C
D
K

A

A - Fires involving ordinary combustibles, such as wood, paper, and some plastics

B - Fires involving flammable liquids, such as alcohols, lamp oils, or butane

C - Fires involving electrical components

D - Fires involving metals, such as aluminum or sodium

K - Fires involving cooking or animal oils, such as frying foods

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21
Q

Fires involving ordinary combustibles (wood, paper, plastics)

A

CLASS A

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22
Q

Fires involving flammable liquids (alcohols, lamp oils, or butane)

A

CLASS B

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23
Q

Fires involving electrical components

A

CLASS C

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24
Q

Fires involving metals (aluminum or sodium)

A

CLASS D

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25
Q

Fires involving cooking or animal oils (frying foods)

A

CLASS K

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26
Q

TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

  1. Dry chemical (multipurpose)
  2. Water
  3. Foam
  4. Carbon dioxide (not to be used in confined areas)
  5. Halon
  6. Metal
  7. Potassium acetate
A

CLASS OF FIRE

  1. A, B, C
  2. A ONLY
  3. B ONLY
  4. B, C
  5. B, C
  6. D
  7. K
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27
Q

Dry chemical (multipurpose)

A

A, B, C

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28
Q

Water

A

A ONLY

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29
Q

FOAM

A

B ONLY

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30
Q

Carbon dioxide (not to be used in confined areas)

A

B, C

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31
Q

Halon

A

B, C

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32
Q

Metal

A

D

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33
Q

Potassium acetate

A

K

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34
Q
  • formerly known as the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
  • provided by the manufacturer, distributor, or importer of a chemical to provide information about the substance and its use
  • required to present the information in a uniform manner

answer this:
- provides standard language or “building blocks” for communi
cating the hazards of chemicals in the SDS, just as on chemical labels. These “building
blocks” include the use of specific signal words, pictograms, hazard statements, and
precautionary statements.

A

safety data sheets

GHS

35
Q

A chemical that causes an allergic reaction— that is, evokes an adverse immune response (could be a severe rash or respiratory distress).

A

allergen (sensitizer)

36
Q

A gas or vapor that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation due to lack of oxygen.

A

asyphixiant

37
Q

temperature at or above which a substance will spontaneously ignite or catch fire without a spark or flame

A

Autoignition temperature

38
Q

substance that is capable of causing cancer

A

carcinogen

39
Q

highly reactive substance that causes obvious damage to living tissue by chemical action.

Examples of corrosive substances are strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents.

A

corrosive

40
Q

Direct contact with a hazard or chemical in a way that causes injury or harm

A

Exposure

41
Q

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE

A

inhalation
ingestion
dermal
injection

42
Q

Chemicals in the form of gases, vapors, mists, fumes, and dusts can enter through the nose or mouth and be absorbed through the mucous membranes of the nose, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

A

inhalation

43
Q

Chemicals can enter the body through the mouth and be swallowed.

They may be absorbed into the bloodstream anywhere along the length of the gastrointestinal tract

A

ingestion

44
Q

Although the skin is a good barrier to many substances, some chemicals can be absorbed
through the skin, enter the bloodstream, and be carried throughout the body

A

dermal

45
Q

While uncommon in most workplaces, exposure to a chemical can occur when a sharp object (e .g ., a needle or broken glass) punctures the skin and injects a chemical directly into the bloodstream

A

injection

46
Q

The established concentration of a chemical that most people could be exposed to in a typical day without experiencing adverse effects.

  • help in understanding the relative risks of chemicals.
A

exposure limit

47
Q

TYPES OF EXPOSURE LIMITS

A

permissible exposure limit (PEL)

threshold limit value (TLV)

immediate danger to life or health (IDLH)

48
Q

Specifies the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical to which a worker may be exposed. It can be established in one of two ways:
1. __________: At no time should this exposure limit be
exceeded .
2. _________: An average value
of exposure over the course of an 8-hour work shift

A

PEL
permissible exposure limit

  1. Ceiling values
  2. 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA)
49
Q

Denotes the level of exposure that nearly all workers can
experience without an unreasonable risk of disease or injury

Defined as ceiling limits, short-term exposure limits (STEL),
and TWAs

It should be noted that these are only advisory limits and not enforceable by law. These may be the same as PELs .

A

TLV

threshold limit value

50
Q

Specifies a level of exposure that is immediately dangerous
to life and/or health

A

IDLH

Immediate danger to life or health

51
Q

substance that enters the maternal and placental circulation and causes injury or death to the fetus.

A

fetotoxicant

52
Q
  • A substance that easily catches fire.
  • this is one that has a flash point at or above 73 °F (23 °C) and below 140 °F (60 °C).
  • A highly flammable substance has a flash point below 73 °F (23°C) and an initial boiling point above 95 °F (35 °C).
  • An extremely flammable substance has a flash point below 73 °F (23 °C) and an initial boiling point below 95 °F (35°C).
A

flammable

53
Q

The lowest temperature at which a liquid or solid can produce a vapor sufficient to form an ignitable mixture in the air.

The lower the flash point, the easier it is to ignite the material.

A

flash point

54
Q

substance capable of changing genetic material in a cell and thus increasing the frequency of mutations.

A

mutagen

55
Q

An unexpected event in which the rate of reaction increases significantly, resulting in a significant increase in temperature.

The increase in temperature causes the rate of reaction to increase, further increasing the rate and tending to create an uncontrolled, often heat-producing, reaction.

A

runaway reaction

56
Q

agent that can cause non-inheritable genetic mutations or malformations of an embryo or fetus.

The agent can be a chemical substance, virus, or ionizing radiation.

A

teratogen

57
Q

Any substance that has the capacity to produce personal injury or illness to humans through ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through anybody surface, as defined by Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) regulation.

A

toxic

58
Q

The adverse effects of a substance resulting from a single exposure or multiple exposures over a very short time span (less than 24 hours).

Acute toxicity is usually determined by exposing animals to a given chemical to determine the lethal dose, 50% (LD50).

This is an experimental measure determined by administering varied doses of a chemical by some route to animals, observing the percentage lethality at these doses, and extrapolating to estimate the dose that would kill 50% of the animals.

A

acute toxicity

59
Q

EXAMPLES OF ACUTE TOXICANTS

A

asphyxiant
irritant
neurotoxicant
organ toxicant
sensitizer/allergen
teratogen or fetotoxicant

60
Q

A gas or vapor that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation due to lack of oxygen

A

ASPHYXIANT

Carbon monoxide, methane,
hydrogen sulfide

61
Q

noncorrosive chemical that causes reversible inflammation at the point of contact with the skin

A

IRRITANT

Acetone, heptane, ethyl acetate,
sodium carbonate

62
Q

A chemical that interferes with the peripheral and central nervous systems

A

NEUROTOXICANT

Mercury, lead, acetone, carbon disulfide

63
Q

A chemical that adversely affects one or more organs or body systems

A

ORGAN TOXICANT

Toluene, carbon tetrachloride, arsenic, chlorine

64
Q

chemical that produces its effects by evoking an adverse response in the body’s immune system

A

SENSITIZER/ALLERGEN

formaldehyde, latex

65
Q

adversely affects the embryo or fetus

A

TERATOGEN OR FETOTOXICANT

ethanol, ethylene oxide, mercury compounds

66
Q

Adverse effects resulting from long-term exposure, usually at lower levels, to a substance.

A

chronic toxicity

67
Q

EXAMPLES OF CHRONIC TOXICANTS

A

Carcinogen - Ethylene oxide, Cr(VI) formaldehyde, arsenic

Neurotoxicant - Carbon disulfide, hexane, lead, nicotine, arsenic

Organ toxicant - Mercury, ethanol, beryllium, chloroform

68
Q

Ethylene oxide, Cr(VI), formaldehyde, arsenic

A

carcinogen

69
Q

Carbon disulfide, hexane, lead, nicotine, arsenic

A

neurotoxicant

70
Q

Mercury, ethanol, beryllium, chloroform

A

organ toxicant

71
Q

combinations of substances, usually in concentrated form, that react with each other
to produce very exothermic reactions that can be violent and explosive and/or can
release toxic substances, usually as gases.

A

Incompatible Chemicals

72
Q

hydrochloric acid,
nitric acid, sulfuric acid,
acetic acid, phosphoric
acid

sodium
hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, ammonia

Due to their corrosive nature, they can irritate or even burn the
eyes, irritate the skin, and cause respiratory distress

A

ACID
BASES

73
Q

chemicals or organisms that increase the rate at which natural biodegradation occurs.

They have the ability to adversely
affect human health in a variety of ways, ranging from relatively
mild, allergic reactions to serious medical conditions, even death.

A

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS

74
Q

Helium, nitrogen,
carbon dioxide,
hydrogen, oxygen

not common in the pre-college setting .

A

compressed gas

75
Q

Acids: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3
Bases: NaOH, KOH, NH4OH
Gases: NO2, NH3
Oxidizing agents: H2O2, KMnO4, HNO3

can cause severe burns on contact

A

corrosives

76
Q

Dry ice (solid CO2), liquid nitrogen

chemicals stored at very low temperatures

should be handled with special cryogenic gloves

A

cryogenics

77
Q

Hot plates, magnetic
stirrers, any equipment
plugged into an
electrical outlet

can cause electric shock, electrocution, burns, fires, and even explosions .

A

electrical hazards

78
Q

Acetone, ethanol,
ethyl acetate, hexane,
methanol

most commonly used in the laboratory as solvents .

A

flammable

79
Q

Fluorine, chlorine,
bromine, iodine

These elements are highly reactive, toxic, corrosive, and capable of irritating the skin .

A

fluorine

80
Q

Hexane, pentane,
petroleum ether,
acetone, methanol,
ethanol

  • combustible or flammable and can irritate the skin
  • Used in a confined space, they can cause asphyxiation .
  • should always be used in a well-ventilated area or hood, and
    away from any open flames
A

Hydrocarbons and volatile organic
compounds

81
Q

Mercury-in-glass
thermometers and
barometers

serious chronic health hazard

Although it is not readily absorbed through the skin, its greatest health hazard is due to inhalation of its vapors, usually as a result of a spill

A

mercury

82
Q

Oxidizing agents: chlorates, chromates, dichromates, hypochlorites, nitrates, nitric acid, nitrites, perchlorates, permanganates, peroxides

Reducing agents: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide

  • substance that causes oxidation, or the loss of electrons from an atom, compound, or molecule
  • substance that causes reduction, or the gain of electrons .
    Oxidation and reduction always occur together
A

Oxidizing agents/oxidizers
and reducing agents

83
Q

Common peroxides: hydrogen peroxide, H2O2

Peroxide-forming
substances to avoid: ethers, alkenes, secondary alcohols, ketones, alkali metals

  • These are a group of chemicals that have an oxygen-to-oxygen
    bond (R–O–O–R)
  • decompose violently
A

peroxides

84
Q

White phosphorus, alkali metals and their compounds

  • readily ignite and burn in air
    spontaneously
A

pyrophorics

(SLU) PHARMA 113L (10 decks)

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