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step 1 > acronyms > Flashcards

acronyms Flashcards

1
Q

what are the personality disorders

A

Weird, Wild, and Worried

Weird–
Accusatory–Paranoid
Avoid–Schizoid
Awkward–Schizotypal

Wild--
Bad to the Bone--Antisocial
Borderline
BLAM!--histrionic
Bigheaded--Narcissistic

Worried–
Cowardly–avoidant
Compulsive–obsessive compulsive
Clingy–dependent

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2
Q

what does potter in potter sequence stand for

A

POTTER

Pulmonary hypoplasia
Oligohydramnios
Twisted face (low set ears and retroagnathia)
Twisted skin
Extremity defects
Renal failure (in utero)
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3
Q

what are the potassium sparing drugs

A

The K STAyEd

Spinolactone (ADH antagonist)
Smiloride (Na blocker)
Triamterene (Na blocker)
eplerenone (ADH antagonist)

*all act in collecting duct

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4
Q

what are the reasons potassium shifts out of cells (hyperkalemia)

A

DO insulin LAB

Drugs (Digitalis, K+ sparing diuretics)
Osmolarity (hyper)
Insulin deficiency (hypoglycemia)
Lysis of cells
Acidosis
B-adrenergic antagonist
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5
Q

what are the 6 causes of hypernatremia

A

The D’s

Diuretics
Dehydration
Diabetes insipidus
Docs (inatrogenic)
Diarrhea
Disease of the kidney
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6
Q

What are the high anion gap (increased acid) metabolic acidosis

A

MUDPILES

Methanol
Uremia (renal failure)
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Propylene glycol
Iron tablets/Isoniazid
Lactic acidosis (pt in shock)
Ethylene glycol
Salicyltes (late overdose effect--early gives you respiratory alkalosis)
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7
Q

What are the causes of normal anion gap (losing bicarb) metabolic acidosis

A

RADS

Renal Tubular Acidosis
Acetazolamide
Diarrhea
Spironolactone

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8
Q

what are the causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

HEL

Hyperaldosteronism
Emesis (excessive vomiting)
Loop diuretics

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9
Q

what are the types of renal tubular acidosis and what causes them

A

Type 1
-Impaired H+ (1 letter) excretion by intercalated cells

Type 2
-decreased proximal tubule BI(two)carb absorption

Type 4
-decreased aldo (4 letters and mean aldosteronism) leads to hyperkalemia
results in:
-impaired NH4+ (ammonia has 4 letters) genesis in proximal tubule

1 and 2 are associated with hypokalemia
1 has increased urine PH
2 and 3 had decreased urine PH

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10
Q

what is beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome or WAGR complex

A

WAGR

Wilms tumor
Aniridia (congenital lack of an iris)
Genitourinary malformation
Retardation (mental/motor)

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11
Q

what are the risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma

A

problems with your Pee SAC

Phenacetin
Smoking
Analine dyes
Cyclophosphamide

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12
Q

what are the consequences of renal failure

A

MAD HUNGER

Metabolic Acidosis
Dyslipidemia (increased triglycerides)
Hyperkalemia
Uremia--increased BUN and Creat (can lead to N/V, Pericarditis, Asterixis, Encephalopathy, Platlet dysfunction)
Na+/H2O retention (CHF, pulmonary edema, Hypertension)
Growth retardation and dev. delay
decreased Erythropoietin (anemia)
Renal osteodystrophy
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13
Q

what are the glycogen storage diseases and the enzymes deficient in them

A

Very poor carbohydrate metabolism
G6P LA14G A16G MGP

Von Gierke–Glucose-6-phosphate
Pompe–Lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase
Cori–alpha-1,6-glucosidase
Mcardle–muscle glycogen phosphorylase

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14
Q

what does APGAR stand for

A 
Appearance
Pulses
Grimace
Activity
Respirations
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15
Q

what are the coenzymes required for pyruvate dehydrogenase (and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) which synthesizes Actyl COA from pyruvate

A

TLC For Nobody

(TPP) Thiamine pyrophasphate-VitB1
Lipoid acid
CoA (B5, pantothenate)
FAD (B2, riboflavin)
NAD+ (B3, Niacin)
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16
Q

what are the B vitamin names

A

“The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious”: •

Thiamine (B1) 
Riboflavin (B2) 
Niacin (B3) 
Pyridoxine (B6) 
Cobalamin (B12)
17
Q

What are the electron chain complex inhibitors

A

complex inhibitor “Really are Awful Chemicals Ordinarily”

Rotenone--complex 1 (NaDH reductase)
complex 2 skip
Antimycin A--complex 3 (cytochrome B)
Cynade--Complex 4 (Cytochrome A)
Oligomycin--Complex 5 (ATP synthase)
18
Q

what substances cause hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency

A

Spleen Purges Nasty Inclusions From Damaged Cells

Sulfonamides
Primaquine
Nitrofurantoin
Isoniazid
Fave Beans
Dapsone
Chloroquine
19
Q

what are the features of kwashiorkor disease

A

FLAMES

Fatty Liver
Anemia
Malnutrition
Edema
Skin lesions
20
Q

what are the familial dyslipidemias

A

all dyslipidemias have increased lipids in blood (Crazy Lipid Volumes)

1 (hyperchlomicronemia)=altered apolipoprotein C-II or lipoprotein lipase deficienct
2a (familial hypercholesterolemia)=absent of defective LDL receptors
4 (hypertrigleceridemia=hepatic overproduction of VLDL

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