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step 1 > Acronyms > Flashcards

Acronyms Flashcards

1
Q

what are the special characteristics of sarcoidosis

A

A GRUELING Disease

Ace enzyme increase
Granulomas (noncaseating)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Uveitis
Epitheloid granulomas (containing schaumann and astroid bodies)
Lymphadenopathy (bilateral hilar=pathognomonic)
Idiopathic
erythema Nodosum
Gammaglobinemia
vitamin D increase
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2
Q

how do we remember the characteristics of small cell and squamous cell carcinoma

A

The S sounds

central
cigarettes
secreting (secrete hormones sometimes)

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3
Q

what are the potential complications of lung cancer

A

a SPHERE of complications

Superior vena cava syndrome
Paraneoplastic syndromes (PTHrP, cushings, SIADH, lamber-eaton)
Horner syndrome (from pan coast tumor compressing cervical sympathetic plexus)
Esophageal invasion (dysphagia)
Recurrent laryngeal symptoms (hoarsness)
Effusions (pleural or pericardial)

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4
Q

what are the sulfa drugs

A

Popular FACTSSS

Probenacid
Furosemide
Acetazolamide
Celecoxib
Thiazides
Sulfonamide antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazedine)
Sulfasalazine (combo of sulfapyradine and 5-aminosalicylic acid)
Sulfonylureas (glipizide, glimepiride, tolbutamide)

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5
Q

what are the side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

captopril’s CATCHH

Cough (increased bradykinin)
Angioedema (contraindicated in Cl esterase inhibitor deficiency)
Teratogen (renal malformations)
increased Creatinine (renal insufficiency–> decreased GFR)
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension

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6
Q

hypertension medications safe to use in pregnancy

A

Hypertensive Moms Love Nifedipine

Hydralazine
Methyldopa
Labetalol
Nifedipine

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7
Q

what are the causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

you restrict your dog with a LEASH

Loffler syndrome
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
Hemachromatosis
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8
Q

signs and symptoms of kawasaki arteritis

A

CRASH and burn

Conjunctivits
Rupture of coronary artery aneurysms (possible complication)
lymphAdenopathy (cervical)
Strawberry tongue
Hands and feet (desquaminating rash)
Burn=fever
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9
Q

what are the organisms covered by ampicillin and amoxicillin (broader penicillins)

A

gram Positive organisms and HELPSS with enterococci

gram positives such as S. pneummococus and pyogenes
H. influenza
E. coli
Listeria
Proteus
Salmonella
Shigella
enterococci
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10
Q

what does nafcillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin cover

A

naf kills staph

S. aureus

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11
Q

what does ticarcillin, piperacillin, carbenicillin cover

A

(antipseudomanals)

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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12
Q

what does the 1st generation cephalosporins like cefazolin and cephalexin cover

A

PEK

Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae

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13
Q

what does the 2nd generation cephalosporins like cefoxitin and cefuroxime cover

A

HENS PEK

PEK is the same as 1st generation

Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae

HENS is
 H. flu
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseria Spp.
Serratia
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14
Q

what do the third generation cephalosprins like ceftriaxone and ceftazidime cover

A

Ceftriaxone–meningitis and gonorrhea

Ceftazidime–Pseudomonas

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15
Q

what do the fourth generation cephalosporins like cefepime cover

A

huge spectrum but specifically increased activity against pseudomonas

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16
Q

what do the 5th generation cephalosporin like ceftraline cover

A

MRSA

17
Q

what are the bacteria not covered by cephalosporins

A

organisms that aren’t covered are LAME

Listeria
Atypicals
MRSA
Enterococci

18
Q

what are the rise effects of vancomycin

A

generally well tolerated but NOT totally out of the RED

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Thrombophlebitis

can cause Red Man Syndrome (diffuse flushing)

19
Q

what types of infections does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause

A

PSUEDOmonas

Pneumonia (cystic fibrosis patients)
Sepsis
External otits 
UTI
Diabetic Osteomyelitis
20
Q

what infections does H. flu cause

A

haEMOPhilus causes:

Epiglotitis
Meningitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia

step 1 (11 decks)

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