acids bases and salts Flashcards
What is the role of the pH scale?
pH scale is used to show the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
metal + acid →
salt + hydrogen
alkali + acid →
salt + water
What type of reaction is an metal + acid reaction?
redox reaction
metal hydroxide + acid →
salt + water
metal carbonate + acid →
salt + water + carbon dioxide
acid + base →
salt + water
Acid ion
(H+)
Base ion
(OH-)
Neutralisation reaction
Reaction in which acids react with bases or alkalis to produce salts.
Titration
Used to follow the course of a neutralisation reaction which can be used to find out how much of an acid/alkali reacts with a certain volume of an alkali/acid.
crystillation
long explanation
Heat the filtrate Until crystals form in a cooled sample Leave the solution to cool and filter to remove crystals Wash with deionised water Dry on filter paper
insoluble salt separation long explanation
Mix Stir using a glass rod Flitter Wash in deionised water Dry and leave in warm place
what elements in reactivity series don’t react with acid
below hydrogen
what elements don’t react with water
below calcium
what colour is chlorine and state
green gas
what is bromine colour and state
red brown and liquid
what is iodine colour and state
dark grey solid
Why do halogens become less reactive as you go down?
Because there are more shells so it is harder to attract the extra electron when it is further away from the nucleus
Sodium + water > what ?
Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
sodium + oxygen
mixture of sodium oxide and sodium peroxide Na2O2
Potassium + oxygen
mixture of potassium peroxide and potassium superoxide (Ko2)
is top or bottom in group one more reactive
bottom
Why do the group one elements become more reactive as you go down?
Because they have more outer shells which have weaker attraction to the nucleus so the outer electron is more easily lost
