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Chemistry > Acids, Bases and Salt Preparations > Flashcards

Acids, Bases and Salt Preparations Flashcards

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1
Q

Sodium compounds

A

Soluble

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2
Q

Potassium compounds

A

Soluble

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3
Q

Ammonium compounds

A

Soluble

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4
Q

Nitrate compounds

A

Soluble

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5
Q

Common chlorides (not silver and lead(II))

A

Soluble

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6
Q

Common sulfates (not barium, calcium and lead(II))

A

Soluble

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7
Q

Common carbonates (not sodium, potassium and ammonium)

A

Insoluble

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8
Q

Common hydroxides (not sodium, potassium, ammonium and calcium (slightly))

A

Insoluble

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9
Q

Metal + acid

A

Salt + hydrogen gas

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10
Q

What observations can be made when a metal reacts with an acid?

A
  • Rapid fizzing
  • Colourless gas is evolved (which pops with a lit splint (test for hydrogen))
  • Mixture becomes very warm
  • Metal gradually disappears to have a colourless solution
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11
Q

Base + acid

A

Salt + water (most require heating)

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12
Q

Metal carbonate + acid

A

Salt + carbon dioxide + water

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13
Q

Metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia can…

A

Act as bases

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14
Q

Alkalis

A

Soluble bases

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15
Q

Neutralisation

A
  • Measure 50cm3 of dilute acid in a beaker and heat it in a tripod and gauss using a Bunsen burner
  • Add excess reactant and heat and stir till no more reacts
  • Filter off the excess and transfer the filtrate to an evaporating basin
  • Heat the solution to boil off the water
  • Allow crystals to form and solution to cool before filtering off the crystals
  • Dry off the crystals
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16
Q

Titration

A
  • 25cm3 of metal hydroxide solution is transferred to a conical flask by a pipette and a few drops of methyl orange are added as an indicator
  • Dilute acid is added from a burette until the indicator just turns from yellow to orange
  • The volume of acid is noted and the same volumes of acid and alkali are mixed together in a clean conical flask without indicator
  • The solution is heated to evaporate off the water until it is saturated, then left to cool so crystals form
  • Filter off the remaining solution
  • Dry off the crystals
17
Q

Precipitation

A
  • Mix 25cm3 of each reactant
  • Filter off the remaining solution
  • Wash the residue with distilled water to filter out any contaminants (this needs to be repeated)
  • Dry off the salt
18
Q

If the salt is insoluble

A

Precipitation

19
Q

If the salt is sodium, potassium or ammonium salt

A

Titration

20
Q

If the salt is soluble but not a sodium, potassium or ammonium salt

A

Neutralisation

Chemistry (21 decks)

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